论《文章作法》作文教育观及其现代意义
发布时间：2018-11-26 15:14
【摘要】：《文章作法》是夏N尊先生的作文课讲稿,后经刘薰宇先生结合自己的教学实践修改编辑成书。1926年由开明书店出版。《文章作法》是五四时期的一本面向中等学校以白话文的写作教学为目的专门性写作训练教材,主要教授中等学校学生以小品文为练习手段学会记事文、叙事文、说明文、议论文四种基本文体的写作。该书以文体教学为纲,以语文知识为目,以法则加练习为体例,是我国现代最早出版的作文法训练教程。《文章作法》的问世,是夏N尊先生为挽救当时的中学作文教学,而根据自己的教学经验编写的应世救急之书。在此之前国文界虽有论到作文法的书,但是不是“陈义过高,流于玄妙”就是“不合时宜”,不符合实践教学的需求,作文知识不能被教师很好的转化形成教学内容。由于知识类作文教材陈义过高,研究者们选用的文选类教材用于教学,由教师通过作品讲解教学生阅读与写作,这就没有系统的作文知识进行引导,又缺乏专业性。因而夏N尊先生编此书以救急,用于中等学校的作文教学之用。《文章作法》这本作文教材的使用,实现了作文教育目的由“为功名”转向“为实用”;实现了写作载体由文言文转向白话文;实现了作文教材由文选类作文教材转向专门性的作文教材。《文章作法》一书挽救了中学作文教学,从这本书中也体现了夏N尊先生丰富的作文教育思想。对于作文,他强调的作文的工具性、明确作文要达到的基本条件、强调作文的作者意识和作文的读者意识;对于作文教材的编撰,讲究单元组织的严谨性、选文选择的经典性、练习设计的多样化三个特点;对于作文教学,明确作文教学的目标是教授学生作文方法、作文教学的内容要以实用文为主、作文教学的方式需实施法则加练习教学、作文教学还应传染语感于学生。《文章作法》代表了当时乃至现今作文教学的先进水平,无论理论上,还是实践上都给后人提供了可鉴之资。《文章作法》启示我们作文教学要着重片段教学;作文教学要善于举例示范;作文教学要注重逐步引导;作文教学要紧扣遣词造句;作文教学要善于引导积累;作文教学要重视培养语感。尽管《文章作法》在作文教学中是教学实践中首屈一指的作文教材经典,但是也存在举例范文来源生活中的比重较低;忽略了积极修辞在作文中的作用;缺少必不可少的写人作文的教学。《文章作法》在现代作文教学虽存在不足,但这并不能掩盖《文章作法》的现代价值,我们面对任何一本经典之作,都应该有取其精华去其糟粕的精神,在批判中继承与发扬。
[Abstract]:"the practice of articles" is the lecture notes of Mr. Xia Nzun's composition class. The book was later revised and edited by Mr. Liu Laven-yu in combination with his own teaching practice. Published by the enlightened bookstore in 1926, the practice of articles was a specialized writing training textbook for the purpose of teaching vernacular writing in secondary schools during the May 4th Movement. Students in secondary schools are taught how to write essays, narratives, narratives and argumentations. The book takes stylistic teaching as its outline, Chinese knowledge as its object, and rules and practice as its style. It is the earliest course of composition training published in our country in modern times. "the practice of articles" came out, and it was the composition teaching of Xia Nzun Zun to save the middle school composition teaching at that time. And according to their own teaching experience to prepare the book of emergency response to the world. Before this, there were books on composition method in the Chinese language circle, but they were either "overstated, flowing in mystery" or "out of date", which did not meet the needs of practical teaching. Composition knowledge could not be transformed into teaching content by teachers. Because the knowledge composition textbooks are too high, the selected textbooks are used for teaching, and the teachers teach students to read and write through the works, so there is no systematic writing knowledge to guide them and lack of professionalism. Therefore, Mr. Xia Nzun Zun wrote this book in order to save the emergency and be used in the composition teaching in secondary schools. The use of this composition teaching material has realized the purpose of composition education from "for merit" to "for practical use"; Realized the writing carrier from classical Chinese to vernacular; The essay practice has saved the composition teaching in the middle school, and has also reflected the rich composition education thought of Mr. Xia Nzun from this book. As for the composition, he emphasizes the instrumental nature of the composition, the basic conditions of the composition, the consciousness of the writer and the reader of the composition. For the compilation of composition teaching materials, we pay attention to the preciseness of unit organization, the classic of selecting articles, and the diversity of practice design. For composition teaching, it is clear that the goal of composition teaching is to teach students composition methods, and the content of composition teaching should be based on practical writing. Composition teaching should also infect students with a sense of language. Article practice represents the advanced level of composition teaching at that time and even today, regardless of the theory, In practice, it has provided us with valuable information for future generations. (article practice) enlightens us that we should pay more attention to fragment teaching in composition teaching; Composition teaching should be good at illustrative demonstration; composition teaching should pay attention to gradual guidance; composition teaching should be close to making sentences; composition teaching should be good at guiding accumulation; composition teaching should pay attention to cultivating language sense. Although "article practice" is one of the most important teaching materials in composition teaching, there are still some examples which have a low proportion in life and ignore the role of positive rhetoric in composition. Although there is a deficiency in the teaching of modern composition, this cannot obscure the modern value of the practice of writing articles. We are faced with any classical work. All should have the spirit of taking its essence away from its dross, and inherit and carry forward in the criticism.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.34
本文编号：2358912
[Abstract]:"the practice of articles" is the lecture notes of Mr. Xia Nzun's composition class. The book was later revised and edited by Mr. Liu Laven-yu in combination with his own teaching practice. Published by the enlightened bookstore in 1926, the practice of articles was a specialized writing training textbook for the purpose of teaching vernacular writing in secondary schools during the May 4th Movement. Students in secondary schools are taught how to write essays, narratives, narratives and argumentations. The book takes stylistic teaching as its outline, Chinese knowledge as its object, and rules and practice as its style. It is the earliest course of composition training published in our country in modern times. "the practice of articles" came out, and it was the composition teaching of Xia Nzun Zun to save the middle school composition teaching at that time. And according to their own teaching experience to prepare the book of emergency response to the world. Before this, there were books on composition method in the Chinese language circle, but they were either "overstated, flowing in mystery" or "out of date", which did not meet the needs of practical teaching. Composition knowledge could not be transformed into teaching content by teachers. Because the knowledge composition textbooks are too high, the selected textbooks are used for teaching, and the teachers teach students to read and write through the works, so there is no systematic writing knowledge to guide them and lack of professionalism. Therefore, Mr. Xia Nzun Zun wrote this book in order to save the emergency and be used in the composition teaching in secondary schools. The use of this composition teaching material has realized the purpose of composition education from "for merit" to "for practical use"; Realized the writing carrier from classical Chinese to vernacular; The essay practice has saved the composition teaching in the middle school, and has also reflected the rich composition education thought of Mr. Xia Nzun from this book. As for the composition, he emphasizes the instrumental nature of the composition, the basic conditions of the composition, the consciousness of the writer and the reader of the composition. For the compilation of composition teaching materials, we pay attention to the preciseness of unit organization, the classic of selecting articles, and the diversity of practice design. For composition teaching, it is clear that the goal of composition teaching is to teach students composition methods, and the content of composition teaching should be based on practical writing. Composition teaching should also infect students with a sense of language. Article practice represents the advanced level of composition teaching at that time and even today, regardless of the theory, In practice, it has provided us with valuable information for future generations. (article practice) enlightens us that we should pay more attention to fragment teaching in composition teaching; Composition teaching should be good at illustrative demonstration; composition teaching should pay attention to gradual guidance; composition teaching should be close to making sentences; composition teaching should be good at guiding accumulation; composition teaching should pay attention to cultivating language sense. Although "article practice" is one of the most important teaching materials in composition teaching, there are still some examples which have a low proportion in life and ignore the role of positive rhetoric in composition. Although there is a deficiency in the teaching of modern composition, this cannot obscure the modern value of the practice of writing articles. We are faced with any classical work. All should have the spirit of taking its essence away from its dross, and inherit and carry forward in the criticism.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.34
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