1949年以来中学历史课程标准沿革及价值取向研究

发布时间：2018-12-07 08:05

【摘要】：作为国家管理和评价中学历史课程的纲领性、指导性文件,中学历史课程标准是中学历史教科书编写、课程实施、考试与评估以及考试命题的依据。1949年以来,我国在历次基础教育改革进程中所产生的中学历史课程标准共20个,其中初中历史课程标准7个,高中历史课程标准7个,初高中合编课程标准6个。60多年风云变幻,从最初照搬苏联模式,到结合基础教育的实际情况进行本土化探索,在经历过“文革”重创之后进行调整重建,80年代后期又为迎接时代挑战踏上素质教育转型的征程,直至21世纪以来,中学历史课程标准不仅实现了从“教学大纲”的名称上的回归,并且新颁布的中学历史课程标准在继承教学大纲的合理因素的同时,突破教学大纲的枷锁,在课程目标、课程内容、教学方式、教学评价等方面实现了中学历史课程标准发展进程中质的飞跃。沿着中学历史课程标准发展的轨迹来看,中学历史课程标准的发展越来越倾向于从关注历史课程本身转向关注学生需要和终身发展,尤其是改革开放以后,突出表现为中学对课程目标的设定越来越关注学生个体的全面发展,对课程内容的调整不断贴近现实社会和学生实际,对教学方法的变革逐步从教师中心转向学生中心,对教学评价的改革以促进学生全面发展为主要目的。从坚持中学历史学科体系的系统性和完整性到坚持以学生为本,关注学生的心理发展水平和个性以及终身发展的需要,1949年以来中学历史课程标准的发展整体上符合时代发展的潮流,且仍在朝着科学、独立自主的方向不断深入发展。未来中学历史课程标准的编制必然要坚持以学生为本的课程价值取向,坚持素质教育的大方向,适应政治、经济、文化发展的需要,突出社会经济发展对人才培养提出的新要求,重视对学生创新精神与实践能力的培养,促进学生个性化、全面化发展,关注学生终身发展,推进我国现代中学历史课程改革的进一步深化,促进我国中学历史课程科学而健康地发展。
[Abstract]:As the programmatic and guiding document for the national administration and evaluation of the history curriculum in middle schools, the standards of the history curriculum in middle schools are the basis for the compilation, implementation, examination and evaluation of history textbooks, and examination and evaluation, as well as the test proposition, since 1949. In our country, there are 20 curriculum standards of history in middle school, 7 in junior middle school, 7 in senior middle school, 6 in junior high school and 6 in junior high school. From copying the Soviet model at first, to exploring localization in combination with the actual situation of basic education, to readjusting and rebuilding after the "Cultural Revolution", in the late 1980s, he embarked on the journey of quality education transformation in order to meet the challenge of the times. Since the 21st century, the history curriculum standard of middle school has not only realized the return from the name of the syllabus, but also has broken the shackles of the syllabus while inheriting the reasonable factors of the syllabus. In the aspects of curriculum objectives, course contents, teaching methods and teaching evaluation, the development of history curriculum standards in middle school has been achieved in a qualitative leap. Along the track of the development of history curriculum standards in middle schools, the development of history curriculum standards in middle schools tends to shift from focusing on the history curriculum itself to focusing on the needs and lifelong development of students, especially after the reform and opening up. The prominent manifestation is that the middle school pays more and more attention to the overall development of the students, the adjustment of the curriculum content is close to the reality society and the students' reality, and the reform of the teaching method gradually changes from the teacher-centered to the student-centered. The main purpose of the reform of teaching evaluation is to promote the all-round development of students. From insisting on the systematicness and integrality of history subject system in middle school to insisting on student-oriented, paying attention to the level and individuality of students' psychological development and the needs of lifelong development, Since 1949, the development of history curriculum standard in middle school is in line with the trend of the times, and it is still developing in the direction of science and independence. In the future, the establishment of history curriculum standards in middle schools must adhere to the value orientation of student-oriented courses, adhere to the general direction of quality education, and adapt to the needs of political, economic and cultural development. Highlight the new demands of social and economic development on the cultivation of talents, attach importance to the cultivation of students' innovative spirit and practical ability, promote students' individuation, all-round development, and pay attention to the lifelong development of students. To further deepen the reform of history curriculum in modern middle school in our country, and promote the scientific and healthy development of history curriculum in middle school in our country.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.51

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