价—类二维图在元素化合物复习中的应用研究
发布时间：2018-12-16 18:23
【摘要】：元素及其化合物在高考中虽然很少直接考查,但以载体形式出现,为高考必考内容。元素及其化合物复习是高考复习的重要组成部分。以载体出现的形式,充分体现了高考对学习能力的要求。而元素及其化合物知识散,记忆起来难,且容易忘,这就要求教师能找到一种适合元素及其化合物知识复习的有效工具,抓住元素及其化合物知识的“神”,使得“形散而神不散”的元素化合物复习能事半功倍。价-类二维图应运而生,因为物质类别和核心元素化合价就是元素及其化合物知识的“神”,具体体现为物质类别决定了该物质所具有的一般通性;核心元素化合价决定了该物质具有的氧化性或还原性。因此,本研究围绕什么是价-类二维图?为什么需要价-类二维图进行元素化合物复习?哪些核心元素及其化合物可以运用价-类二维图?如何引导学生绘制价-类二维图并利用价-类二维图提高对元素化合物知识的认识和掌握程度?价-类二维图对元素化合物的复习有没有效果? 5个核心问题,通过文献查阅法、文本分析法、教学实验法和调查问卷法展开研究。本论文共分为5个部分:第一部分为绪论,主要从研究背景、研究目标和内容、研究意义、研究方法四个方面进行了阐述。第二部分文献综述,首先对六个核心概念即元素及其化合物知识、复习、化合价、物质类别、二维图、价-类二维图进行了范围界定和定义界定,然后分别综述了元素化合物复习和价-类二维图的研究现状。第三部分结合自己的知识结构以及对考纲和考试说明的解读,分析了金属元素Na、Al、Fe、Cu和非金属元素H、C、N、O、Si、S、Cl及其化合物知识中适合使用价-类二维图进行复习的核心元素。第四部分为教学实验和效果评价,将价-类二维图运用于元素化合物的高考复习,并通过案例题目的得分统计比较和调查问卷对其效果进行评价。第五部分为结论,对前文的分析进行归纳、整理,介绍研究的结论与意义以及研究的不足与展望。以价-类二维图为工具进行元素化合物的高考复习,学生的化学学习能力和利用化学知识分析并解决实际问题的能力均得以不同程度的提高。学生可以举一反三,不管遇到的是熟悉物质,还是陌生物质,出发点只有物质类别和化合价这两个角度,进而有能力找出其物质类别,分析或预测其一般性质,也有能力标出该物质中核心元素的化合价,分析或预测其可能具有的氧化性或还原性。高考中元素及其化合物知识不管以哪种形式进行考查,学生都能从容面对。
[Abstract]:Although the elements and their compounds are seldom examined directly in the college entrance examination, they appear in the form of carrier, which is the necessary content of the college entrance examination. The review of elements and their compounds is an important part of the review of college entrance examination. In the form of carrier, it fully reflects the requirements of the college entrance examination for learning ability. But the knowledge of elements and their compounds is scattered, difficult to remember, and easy to forget. This requires teachers to find an effective tool for the review of knowledge of elements and their compounds, and to grasp the "gods" of knowledge of elements and their compounds. So that the "form scattered and not scattered" element compounds review can double the result with half the effort. Valence-class two-dimensional graph emerges as the times require, because the material category and the core element valence are the "gods" of the knowledge of the elements and their compounds, which is embodied in the general generality of the substance determined by the material category. The valence of the core elements determines the oxidation or reduction of the substance. Therefore, this study revolves around what is valence-class two-dimensional graph? Why is it necessary to review the elemental compounds in a valence-like two-dimensional diagram? Which core elements and their compounds can be used in valence-class two-dimensional diagrams? How to guide students to draw two dimensional valence-class maps and use valence-class two-dimensional graphs to improve their understanding and mastery of the knowledge of elements and compounds? Is there any effect on the review of elemental compounds by two dimensional valence-class graphs? five core questions are studied through literature review, text analysis, teaching experiment and questionnaire. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction, mainly from the research background, research objectives and contents, research significance, research methods. The second part of the literature review, first of the six core concepts namely elements and their compounds knowledge, review, valence, material category, two-dimensional graph, Valence-class two-dimensional map for the definition of the scope and definition. Then the review of elemental compounds and two-dimensional valence-class diagrams are reviewed respectively. In the third part, according to the knowledge structure and the explanation of the examination outline and the test instructions, we analyze the metal element Na,Al,Fe,Cu and the nonmetallic element, The core element of Cl and its compound knowledge that is suitable for review using two-dimensional Valence-class diagrams. The fourth part is the teaching experiment and the effect evaluation. The price class two-dimensional graph is applied to the review of the college entrance examination of the elements and compounds, and its effect is evaluated through the statistical comparison of the score of the case title and the questionnaire. The fifth part is the conclusion, summarizes and arranges the previous analysis, introduces the conclusion and significance of the research, and the deficiency and prospect of the research. Students' chemistry learning ability and the ability to use chemical knowledge to analyze and solve practical problems can be improved to some extent by using valence-class two-dimensional graph to review the elements and compounds in college entrance examination. Students can draw a lesson from one another. Regardless of whether they encounter familiar or unfamiliar substances, the starting point is only from the point of view of material category and combination price, and then they have the ability to find out their material categories and to analyze or predict their general nature. It is also able to identify the valence of the core elements in the substance and to analyse or predict their possible oxidizing or reductive properties. No matter in which form the elements and their compounds are examined in the college entrance examination, students will be able to face them calmly.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.8
[Abstract]:Although the elements and their compounds are seldom examined directly in the college entrance examination, they appear in the form of carrier, which is the necessary content of the college entrance examination. The review of elements and their compounds is an important part of the review of college entrance examination. In the form of carrier, it fully reflects the requirements of the college entrance examination for learning ability. But the knowledge of elements and their compounds is scattered, difficult to remember, and easy to forget. This requires teachers to find an effective tool for the review of knowledge of elements and their compounds, and to grasp the "gods" of knowledge of elements and their compounds. So that the "form scattered and not scattered" element compounds review can double the result with half the effort. Valence-class two-dimensional graph emerges as the times require, because the material category and the core element valence are the "gods" of the knowledge of the elements and their compounds, which is embodied in the general generality of the substance determined by the material category. The valence of the core elements determines the oxidation or reduction of the substance. Therefore, this study revolves around what is valence-class two-dimensional graph? Why is it necessary to review the elemental compounds in a valence-like two-dimensional diagram? Which core elements and their compounds can be used in valence-class two-dimensional diagrams? How to guide students to draw two dimensional valence-class maps and use valence-class two-dimensional graphs to improve their understanding and mastery of the knowledge of elements and compounds? Is there any effect on the review of elemental compounds by two dimensional valence-class graphs? five core questions are studied through literature review, text analysis, teaching experiment and questionnaire. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction, mainly from the research background, research objectives and contents, research significance, research methods. The second part of the literature review, first of the six core concepts namely elements and their compounds knowledge, review, valence, material category, two-dimensional graph, Valence-class two-dimensional map for the definition of the scope and definition. Then the review of elemental compounds and two-dimensional valence-class diagrams are reviewed respectively. In the third part, according to the knowledge structure and the explanation of the examination outline and the test instructions, we analyze the metal element Na,Al,Fe,Cu and the nonmetallic element, The core element of Cl and its compound knowledge that is suitable for review using two-dimensional Valence-class diagrams. The fourth part is the teaching experiment and the effect evaluation. The price class two-dimensional graph is applied to the review of the college entrance examination of the elements and compounds, and its effect is evaluated through the statistical comparison of the score of the case title and the questionnaire. The fifth part is the conclusion, summarizes and arranges the previous analysis, introduces the conclusion and significance of the research, and the deficiency and prospect of the research. Students' chemistry learning ability and the ability to use chemical knowledge to analyze and solve practical problems can be improved to some extent by using valence-class two-dimensional graph to review the elements and compounds in college entrance examination. Students can draw a lesson from one another. Regardless of whether they encounter familiar or unfamiliar substances, the starting point is only from the point of view of material category and combination price, and then they have the ability to find out their material categories and to analyze or predict their general nature. It is also able to identify the valence of the core elements in the substance and to analyse or predict their possible oxidizing or reductive properties. No matter in which form the elements and their compounds are examined in the college entrance examination, students will be able to face them calmly.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.8
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 沈军;孟哲虹;;基于物质转化的铁及其化合物高三复习教学[J];教育与装备研究;2016年03期
2 苗亚宁;;基于元素观的“二氧化硫性质”的教学设计[J];化学教学;2016年03期
3 唐红珍;;科学认识论视角下的高考无机元素化合物复习[J];化学教学;2016年02期
4 任宝华;;复习课中使用“元素价-类二维图”的误区及教学改进建议[J];化学教育;2016年01期
5 蓝丽凤;;高三“元素化合物”复习的困惑及策略[J];新课程研究(下旬刊);2015年12期
6 江顺;;“做中学”——高中化学作业的设计与实施[J];上海教育科研;2015年12期
7 黄R，
本文编号：2382832
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/zhongdengjiaoyulunwen/2382832.html
