高中生区域认知能力的评价与培养研究

发布时间：2018-12-17 09:24

【摘要】：区域认知能力是中学生学习区域地理的前提和基本要求,是中学生地理学习能力的突出体现。提高高中生区域认知能力对于培养学生地理核心素养、提高地理学习效率、提升地理教学质量有着重要意义。本文采用文献研究法、问卷调查法、课堂观察法及案例分析法等研究方法,基于区域认知能力评价方案,研究了高中生的区域认知能力现状及存在问题,提出了提高高中生区域认知能力的策略。首先,按照区域地理认知的内容,将高中生区域认知能力的结构解析为:区域定位、区域信息加工、区域比较、区域联系和区域规划五种能力。以此为基础,建立了基准性高中生区域认知能力的评价方案。基于此评价方案,研究了当前高中生区域认知能力的发展现状,得出以下结论:高中生的区域定位能力普遍较弱,且不同等级学校的学生之间能力差别较大、能力提升空间也存在差异;其次,高中生难以将获取到的区域地理信息转化为自己需要的内容,在做题时体现尤为明显;最后,高中生只善于比较常见的区域地理要素,难以系统的进行区域比较。基于以上研究,提出了高中生区域认知能力培养策略。本研究认为,首先,改善中学教学,促进初高中地理课程衔接是基本途径。在初中阶段应帮助学生成功构建“脑中图”,形成最基本的空间概念和空间思维能力;而高中阶段应帮助学生建立起新旧知识之间的桥梁,同时可以开发合适的校本课程或地理活动,在激发学生学习兴趣的同时,兼顾初中地理与高中地理的衔接。其次,地理教师在平时的教学过程中所采用的有效教学方法与手段是关键途径。如利用心理地图训练空间想象,培养区域定位能力;指导学生读图技巧,锻炼区域信息加工能力;结合生活案例教学,加强区域的比较与联系能力;鼓励学生自主探究,应用区域规划能力等。最后,利用能力评价来激励学生学习是有效途径。本文所构建的量表适合使用于教师和学生,以利于师生对区域地理课堂问题的检验与反馈,促进地理课堂的高效发展。
[Abstract]:Regional cognitive ability is the prerequisite and basic requirement for middle school students to study regional geography, and it is a prominent embodiment of geography learning ability of middle school students. It is of great significance to improve the regional cognitive ability of senior high school students in cultivating students' geography core accomplishment, improving geography learning efficiency and improving geography teaching quality. The present situation and problems of the regional cognitive ability of senior high school students are studied based on the regional cognitive ability evaluation methods, such as literature research, questionnaire survey, classroom observation and case analysis. The strategies to improve the regional cognitive ability of senior high school students are put forward. Firstly, according to the content of regional geography cognition, the structure of high school students' regional cognitive ability is divided into five types: regional positioning, regional information processing, regional comparison, regional connection and regional planning. Based on this, the evaluation scheme of regional cognitive ability of benchmark high school students is established. Based on the evaluation scheme, this paper studies the current situation of high school students' regional cognitive ability, and draws the following conclusions: the regional positioning ability of high school students is generally weak, and the students of different grades have different abilities. There are also differences in the ability improvement space; Secondly, it is difficult for senior high school students to transform the regional geographic information into the content they need, especially when they do the problem. Finally, the senior high school students are only good at comparing the common regional geographical elements, and it is difficult to systematically carry out the regional comparison. Based on the above research, this paper puts forward the strategy of cultivating high school students' regional cognitive ability. First of all, improving the middle school teaching and promoting the junior high school geography curriculum convergence is the basic approach. In junior middle school, students should be helped to construct "brain map" successfully and form the most basic spatial concept and spatial thinking ability. The senior middle school should help students to build up the bridge between the old and the new knowledge, at the same time, we can develop appropriate school-based curriculum or geography activities, which can stimulate students' interest in learning and give consideration to the connection between junior high school geography and senior high school geography. Secondly, the effective teaching methods and means used by geography teachers are the key approaches. Such as using mental map to train spatial imagination, cultivate regional positioning ability, guide students to read map skills, exercise regional information processing ability, combine life case teaching, strengthen the ability of regional comparison and connection; Encourage students to explore independently, apply regional planning ability and so on. Finally, it is an effective way to use ability evaluation to encourage students to learn. The scale constructed in this paper is suitable for teachers and students in order to help teachers and students to test and feedback regional geography classroom problems and to promote the efficient development of geography classroom.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.55

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