“掌握学习”教学法在初中排球教学中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-12-18 06:17

【摘要】：排球教学是初中体育教学大纲的重要内容,垫球又是排球技术中一项枯燥、标准较高的基础性技术。传统教学法的教师观认为,学生的成绩呈正态分布,“差生”的存在是教学过程中成绩呈正态分布的必然结果,教师的关注点集中在“尖子生”和普通生身上,不利于部分学生对排球技术的掌握。当今,中学生数量不断增加,我国班级教学制和学生们个体差异之间的矛盾愈发激烈,各体育工作者不断寻找提高教学质量的手段。为此,部分学者倡导将美国教育学家、心理学家布鲁姆提出的掌握学习理论和掌握学习法应用到我国体育教学中,以解决这一矛盾。掌握学习法是布鲁姆提倡的一种教学新思路。布鲁姆认为,如果教师能提供给所有学生足够的学习时间、适合自己的学习方法和材料,并给与所有学生以鼓励和关注,那么几乎所有学生都可以完成几乎所有的教学内容。学校教师在这种“人人都能掌握”的思想前提下,在班级授课制的基础上,利用分层目标、诊断性评价、形成性评价、矫正系统,使用不同的教学手段完成教学任务,那么几乎所有学生都可以掌握学习内容。本文利用文献资料法、专家访问法、实验法、数理统计法、问卷调查法对掌握学习法和传统教学法在排球的垫球教学中进行了对比实验研究,实验对象从济南泉城中学初中二年级中随机抽取,实验前对两班被试的基本情况、身体素质、心理倾向进行了解,保证两班被试的差异不显著,以确保实验的准确性。实验中,一个班使用掌握学习法,另一个班使用传统教学法。实验后,测试两班被试的身体素质、心理倾向、技术水平等变化,得出数据,将数据利用SPSS进行统计,通过分析实验结果,得出如下结论:1在初中排球教学中使用掌握学习法,比传统教学法更利于培养学生的兴趣、自信心等非智力因素,提高后进生学习的积极性和主动性,使学生更努力完成教学任务。2在初中排球教学中使用掌握学习法,比传统教学法更利于学生系统的掌握相关的理论知识。3在初中排球教学中使用掌握学习法,比传统教学法更利于促进学生提高技能水平和增强身体素质,取得更优异的教学成绩和更显著的教学效果。4“掌握学习”的系统性和阶段性、导向作用、新的学生观和教师观、反馈-矫正系统促进运动技能的发展,提高教学质量。5在初中排球教学中使用掌握学习法的教学实验结果表明,掌握学习法优于传统教学法,这为初中体育其他项目的教学提供了参考依据。由以上结论可知,掌握学习法利于初中排球的教学,但传统教学方法也有其优势,不可全盘否定,在今后的教学中应取其长处、补其缺漏。并且“掌握学习”还有很多不足之处,比如如何让优生有更高的发展,如何不让矫正系统的实施耗时过多,如何制定更科学的单元目标,这些还需要体育工作者为之做进一步的实验和研究。
[Abstract]:Volleyball teaching is an important part of junior high school physical education syllabus, and the ball cushion is a boring and high standard basic technique in volleyball technology. According to the teachers' view of traditional teaching method, the students' achievements are normal distribution, the existence of "poor students" is the inevitable result of the normal distribution of achievements in the teaching process, and the teachers' focus is on the "top students" and ordinary students. It is not good for some students to master volleyball skills. Nowadays, the number of middle school students is increasing, the contradiction between class teaching system and students' individual differences is becoming more and more fierce, and the sports workers are constantly looking for ways to improve the teaching quality. Therefore, some scholars advocate the application of mastering learning theory and mastering learning method put forward by American educationist and psychologist Bloom to physical education teaching in our country in order to solve this contradiction. Mastering learning method is a new teaching idea advocated by Bloom. Bloom believes that if teachers can give all students enough time to study, suit their own learning methods and materials, and give encouragement and attention to all students, then almost all students can complete almost all the teaching content. Under the premise of "everyone can master" and on the basis of class teaching system, school teachers use stratified objectives, diagnostic evaluation, formative evaluation, correction of the system, and use different teaching methods to complete teaching tasks. Then almost all students can master the contents of the study. This paper makes a comparative study of mastering the learning method and the traditional teaching method in volleyball cushion teaching by using the methods of literature, expert interview, experiment, mathematical statistics and questionnaire investigation. The subjects were randomly selected from the second grade of junior middle school in Jinan Quancheng Middle School. Before the experiment, the basic condition, physical quality and psychological tendency of the two classes were understood, so as to ensure that the difference between the two classes was not significant, so as to ensure the accuracy of the experiment. In the experiment, one class uses master learning method, the other class uses traditional teaching method. After the experiment, the changes of physical quality, psychological tendency and technical level of the two classes were tested, and the data were obtained, and the data were counted by SPSS, and the results of the experiment were analyzed. The conclusions are as follows: 1 the use of mastering learning method in volleyball teaching in junior high school is more helpful to cultivate students' interest, self-confidence and other non-intellectual factors than traditional teaching method, and to improve the enthusiasm and initiative of the underachievers. It is better for students to master the relevant theoretical knowledge than the traditional teaching method. (3) to use mastering learning method in junior high school volleyball teaching, and to use mastering learning method in junior high school volleyball teaching. Compared with the traditional teaching method, it is more helpful to promote the students to improve their skill level and enhance their physical quality, and to obtain better teaching results and more remarkable teaching results. The new concept of students and teachers, the feedback correction system promotes the development of motor skills and improves the teaching quality. 5 the results of the teaching experiment of mastering learning method in volleyball teaching in junior high school show that mastering learning method is superior to traditional teaching method. This provides a reference for the teaching of other sports items in junior high school. From the above conclusion, it can be seen that mastering the learning method is beneficial to the teaching of junior high school volleyball, but the traditional teaching method also has its advantages and cannot be denied completely. And there are many shortcomings in mastering learning, such as how to make eugenics have higher development, how not to make the implementation of correction system time-consuming, how to set more scientific unit goals. These also need sports workers to do further experiments and research for it.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.96

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