基于PISA科学情境的初中化学情境化命题
发布时间：2019-01-26 15:41
【摘要】：随着教育改革不断深入,初中化学命题涌现出大量的情境性试题,研究表明,目前其编制存在一定的问题。而由经济合作与发展组织(OECD)创立的国际学生评价项目PISA对改善我国情境化命题存在的一些弊端具有启发意义。本文运用文献法对福州市中考化学试题中情境性试题在总试题中所占比例进行统计,分析化学情境性试题在中考中的应用现状。采用问卷调查、访谈等方法,了解初中化学教师对化学情境性试题的认识,教师编制此类试题的态度和遇到的困难,以及教师对情境素材运用的方法。并运用比较研究法对PISA科学素养评估命题与初中学业考试命题在情境使用方面进行比较分析。借鉴PISA情境分类方法,对初中化学情境题背景材料进行挖掘,创设初中化学试题情境素材库。在此基础上,编制初中化学重点模块——化学探究实验、化学计算的情境性试题。通过研究,得出PISA项目对初中化学情景化命题的几点启示：(1)在初中化学教育评价中加大情境化试题考查力度；(2)通过试题情境创设,重视对学生“三维目标”的培养；(3)创设真实生活情境,培养学生发现生活中化学问题的能力；(4)情境与问题相融合,锻炼学生解决实际问题的能力；(5)运用技术手段对情境偏差量化分析,保证试题公平性；(6)建立分类清晰、可操作性强的情境库。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of educational reform, a large number of situational test questions have emerged in junior high school chemistry propositions. The research shows that there are some problems in its compilation. The International Student Evaluation Project (PISA), founded by (OECD) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, has enlightening significance for improving the disadvantages of situational propositions in China. This paper makes statistics on the proportion of situational questions in the total questions of the chemistry test in Fuzhou Middle School by using the method of literature, and analyzes the present situation of the application of the chemical situational questions in the middle school examination. By means of questionnaire survey and interview, this paper explores the teachers' understanding of the chemistry situational test, their attitude and difficulties in compiling this kind of test, and the methods used by the teachers to use the situational materials. Using the method of comparative research, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the PISA scientific literacy assessment proposition and the junior middle school academic examination proposition in the aspect of situational use. By using the PISA method of situational classification, this paper excavates the background materials of chemical situational questions in junior high school, and creates a situational material bank for junior high school chemistry test. On this basis, the key module of junior high school chemistry-chemical inquiry experiment, chemical calculation of the situational test. Through the research, we draw some enlightenment of the PISA project to the junior middle school chemistry situational proposition: (1) strengthen the situational examination in the junior middle school chemistry education evaluation; (2) pay attention to the cultivation of students'"three dimensional goal" through creating the situation of test questions, (3) create the real life situation and cultivate the students' ability to find out the chemistry problems in life; (4) combination of situation and problem to train students' ability to solve practical problems; (5) quantitative analysis of situational deviations by technical means to ensure fairness of test questions; (6) establishment of a clear classification and operational situation database.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.8
[Abstract]:With the deepening of educational reform, a large number of situational test questions have emerged in junior high school chemistry propositions. The research shows that there are some problems in its compilation. The International Student Evaluation Project (PISA), founded by (OECD) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, has enlightening significance for improving the disadvantages of situational propositions in China. This paper makes statistics on the proportion of situational questions in the total questions of the chemistry test in Fuzhou Middle School by using the method of literature, and analyzes the present situation of the application of the chemical situational questions in the middle school examination. By means of questionnaire survey and interview, this paper explores the teachers' understanding of the chemistry situational test, their attitude and difficulties in compiling this kind of test, and the methods used by the teachers to use the situational materials. Using the method of comparative research, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the PISA scientific literacy assessment proposition and the junior middle school academic examination proposition in the aspect of situational use. By using the PISA method of situational classification, this paper excavates the background materials of chemical situational questions in junior high school, and creates a situational material bank for junior high school chemistry test. On this basis, the key module of junior high school chemistry-chemical inquiry experiment, chemical calculation of the situational test. Through the research, we draw some enlightenment of the PISA project to the junior middle school chemistry situational proposition: (1) strengthen the situational examination in the junior middle school chemistry education evaluation; (2) pay attention to the cultivation of students'"three dimensional goal" through creating the situation of test questions, (3) create the real life situation and cultivate the students' ability to find out the chemistry problems in life; (4) combination of situation and problem to train students' ability to solve practical problems; (5) quantitative analysis of situational deviations by technical means to ensure fairness of test questions; (6) establishment of a clear classification and operational situation database.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.8
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