“基于理解”的朗读教学及其测试研究

发布时间：2019-03-02 19:42

【摘要】：朗读是语文教学的重要内容之一。《义务教育语文课程标准(2011年版)》明确规定,朗读教学应贯穿九年义务教育始终,逐步培养学生“正确、流利、有感情”的朗读能力。然而,中小学语文课中的朗读教学却不如人意。语文课堂虽常见书声琅琅,但往往流于表面,教师缺乏必要的指导,学生不断齐声朗读、高声朗读乃至“品读”、“美读”,却不能在朗读中增进对课文的理解和感受,反而被“假声假气”所阻碍。这有认识的原因,需要进一步明确“基于理解”朗读教学原则,并从名师课例中汲取“教什么、怎么教”的经验。同时,应加紧朗读测试的研究,毋庸讳言,“考什么——教什么”的传统观念至今还制约着语文教学,在语文课堂中占据不少课时的朗读一直以来没有纳入影响学生学业成绩的大规模测试,也缺乏对朗读测试的研究,这对朗读教学造成了不良的影响,“考什么、怎么考”若是昏昏,“教什么、怎么教”就很难使之昭昭。本文在相互关联中研究“基于理解”的朗读教学和朗读测试这两个方面。论文的主体内容是三章:一、在文献综述基础上,明确“基于理解的朗读”是什么、为什么,论述“基于理解”的朗读教学原则,分析朗读技巧与阅读理解的相互关系,如诗歌中的节奏、句子中的停连、“虚声”中的重音等。二、通过课例研究,研究“基于理解的朗读”应该教什么、怎么教。文中着重分析了三位名师的课例:王崧舟老师的《慈母情深》、薛法根老师的《大江保卫战》、王崧舟老师的《天籁》,从课例中发掘课文的关键点与朗读指导的着力处相呼应的经验及其方法。三、初步研究大规模朗读测试的测试点问题。材料来源于两个方面:一是所参与的教育部基础教育质量检测“口语交际”(包括朗读)测试的尝试,二是上海市闵行区借助《我爱朗读》APP平台的朗读指导和测试案例。
[Abstract]:Reading aloud is one of the important contents of Chinese teaching. The Chinese Curriculum Standard for compulsory Education (2011 Edition) clearly stipulates that reading aloud should run through nine years of compulsory education and gradually develop students' reading ability of "correct, fluent and sentimental". However, the teaching of reading aloud in Chinese classes in primary and secondary schools is not satisfactory. Although books are often loud and loud in Chinese class, they often flow to the surface, teachers lack the necessary guidance, students continue to read aloud, read aloud and even "read", "good reading", but can not improve the understanding and feelings of the text in reading aloud. On the contrary, it is blocked by "false sound and false breath". For this reason, it is necessary to make clear the teaching principle of reading aloud based on understanding, and to draw the experience of "what to teach, how to teach" from the class examples of famous teachers. At the same time, the study of reading aloud should be stepped up. Needless to say, the traditional concept of "what-what to teach" still restricts the teaching of Chinese. Reading aloud, which occupies a lot of class hours in Chinese classes, has not been included in the large-scale tests that affect students' academic achievement, and there is also a lack of research on reading aloud tests, which has had a bad impact on reading aloud teaching. "what is the test?" How to test "if dizzy," teach what, how to teach it is very difficult to make it clear. In this paper, we study the two aspects of "understanding-based reading teaching" and "reading test" in the context of interrelation. The main content of the thesis is three chapters: first, on the basis of literature review, it makes clear what "reading based on understanding" is, why, discusses the teaching principle of "reading based on understanding", analyzes the relationship between reading skills and reading comprehension, and analyzes the relationship between reading skills and reading comprehension, and analyzes the relationship between reading skills and reading comprehension. Such as the rhythm in poetry, sentence in the stop, "empty sound" in the stress, and so on. Second, through the case study, study "reading based on understanding" should teach, how to teach. This paper focuses on the analysis of the class examples of three famous teachers: teacher Wang Song-Zhou's "loving Mother", teacher Xue Fagan's "Great River Defense War", and teacher Wang Song-Zhou's "the Sound of Nature." The experience and method of exploring the key points of the text and the stress of reading instruction from the lesson examples. Third, a preliminary study of the large-scale read-out test of the test point problem. The materials come from two aspects: one is the attempt to test the quality of basic education of the Ministry of Education (including reading aloud), and the other is the reading instruction and test case of Minhang District in Shanghai with the help of "I love reading aloud" APP platform.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.33

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