促进学生理性思维发展的高中化学作业研究

发布时间：2019-05-14 18:18

【摘要】：化学是培养学生理性思维的重要工具。高中化学作业作为高中化学教学的重要组成部分,除了具有巩固提高的作用,还应该在学生理性思维水平方面发挥促进作用。但是目前关于作业的研究较多集中在减轻学生负担、设计分层作业等方面,而关于理性思维的研究较多是集中在课堂教学的设计上。将高中化学作业与学生理性思维发展相结合的研究非常少,因此本研究具有重要的现实意义。本研究采用文献研究法界定出“理性思维”等重要概念,确定本课题研究的切入点。通过问卷调查法了解实习班级和对照班级学生理性思维水平的差异,进而对实习班级学生课堂作业和课后作业进行分析。通过研究发现,能够促进学生理性思维发展的高中化学作业具有以下特点:(1)要求学生能够基于证据进行逻辑推理;(2)要求定性与定量结合;(3)要求从宏观与微观相互联系、相互转化的角度去思考问题;(4)要求问题要突显事物之间的关联,通过问题解决能培养学生思维的连续性与整体性。根据作业的以上特点提出以下几点教学建议:(1)理性思维是人脑的活动,为了使其外显化,教师在设计课堂活动时要尽可能多地让学生表达自己的观点,并且引导学生逐渐学会用正确的理性思维方式和表述方法来进行逻辑推理。(2)为了促使学生的理性思维水平不断提升,对于定量分析的问题设计要要求学生写出详细的逻辑推理和证明证伪过程。(3)理性思维是学生主动形成的,但是是需要教师的帮助和引导的。尤其是分子、原子等微观层面非常抽象,因此教师在设计活动时要帮助学生从宏观、微观的双重角度去理解问题,善于利用符号表征。(4)由于理性思维是基于逻辑推理的思维方式,因此教师在设计问题时要注意前后问题之间的逻辑关系,脉络要清晰等。
[Abstract]:Chemistry is an important tool to cultivate students' rational thinking. As an important part of chemistry teaching in senior high school, chemistry homework in senior high school should not only consolidate and improve, but also play a role in promoting students' rational thinking level. However, at present, the research on homework focuses on lightening the burden of students and designing layered homework, while the research on rational thinking is more focused on the design of classroom teaching. There are few studies on the combination of chemistry homework and students' rational thinking in senior high school, so this study is of great practical significance. In this study, the literature research method is used to define the important concepts such as "rational thinking", and the entry point of this research is determined. Through questionnaire survey, we can understand the difference of rational thinking level between practice class and control class, and then analyze the classroom homework and after-class homework of the students in practice class. Through the study, it is found that the senior high school chemistry homework, which can promote the development of students' rational thinking, has the following characteristics: (1) students are required to be able to reason logically based on evidence, (2) qualitative and quantitative combination is required, and (2) the combination of qualitative and quantitative reasoning is required. (3) it is necessary to think about the problem from the angle of mutual connection and transformation between macro and micro; (4) it is required that the problem should highlight the relationship between things and cultivate the continuity and integrity of students' thinking through problem solving. According to the above characteristics of homework, the following teaching suggestions are put forward: (1) rational thinking is the activity of human brain. In order to make it explicit, teachers should let students express their views as much as possible when designing classroom activities. And guide students to gradually learn to use the correct rational thinking mode and expression method to carry on logical reasoning. (2) in order to promote the students' rational thinking level, For the problem design of quantitative analysis, students should write out detailed logical reasoning and proof process. (3) rational thinking is formed by students, but needs the help and guidance of teachers. In particular, molecules, atoms and other micro levels are very abstract, so teachers should help students understand the problem from a macro and micro point of view when designing activities. Good at using symbolic representation. (4) because rational thinking is based on logical reasoning, teachers should pay attention to the logical relationship between the problems before and after, the context should be clear and so on.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.8

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