利用设计与制作活动提升学生技术素养的实践研究
发布时间：2019-05-15 05:12
【摘要】：普通高中通用技术课程以实践为基础,关注学生的创造能力,重视综合性,融合了科学和人文。在普通高中通用技术课程大纲中强调:其基本目标是为了提升学生的技术素养,从而为学生实现自身的全面发展创造良好条件。其中,提高学生的技术素养是开展普通高中通用技术课程的核心目标。而本校高中生的技术素养现状不容乐观。设计与制作实践过程包含了一系列的技术活动,如需求的产生、设计方案的构思、表达与交流、对设计的评价和选择等。学生在设计与制作自身产品的过程中,既能够熟悉课本的基本知识,加强技术思想和方法的运用能力,提高参与技术活动的积极性,同时也锻炼了自身的创造能力和实践能力,因此笔者提出假设:设计与制作实践活动可以极大地提升学生的技术素养。笔者通过查阅相关文献资料和理论著作,从而对技术素养的内涵、重要性有了一定的了解,并获得了学生在通用技术课程中技术素养的综合评估。进而设计问卷和访谈调查分析通用技术课程学生技术素养存在的不足及其原因。设计和分发两类调查问卷:一类为学生问卷,调查其技术素养水平;一类为教师问卷,调查寻找学生技术素养存在问题的原因。根据相关文献资料和笔者的教学实践经验,笔者对设计与制作活动的概念、特性、过程等进行解读,接着提出了一种设计与制作活动的设计模式,并根据学情和课程标准,按照这样的模式设计了一个设计与制作活动实例——便携式小凳的设计与制作。为了探究所构建的设计模式的有效性,笔者将该模式应用于真实的教学实践。根据技术素养前测的结果,分别选取2个班技术素养相近的40名学生,采用基于设计与制作实践活动教学模式和传统的讲授式教学模式分别对两个班学生进行对比实验教学。并以理论测试和实践操作测试方式比较分析学生在技术知识、技术行为能力、技术思想和方法、技术态度与情感等方面的差异,进而对设计与制作活动是提升学生技术素养的重要手段这一观点进行实证分析。
[Abstract]:The general technical curriculum in senior high school is based on practice, pays attention to students' creative ability, attaches importance to comprehensiveness, and merges science and humanities. In the general technical curriculum outline of senior high school, it is emphasized that its basic goal is to improve students' technical literacy, so as to create good conditions for students to achieve their own all-round development. Among them, improving students' technical literacy is the core goal of developing general technical curriculum in senior high school. However, the current situation of technical literacy of senior high school students is not optimistic. The process of design and production practice includes a series of technical activities, such as the generation of requirements, the conception of design scheme, expression and communication, evaluation and selection of design, and so on. In the process of designing and making their own products, students can not only be familiar with the basic knowledge of textbooks, strengthen the ability to use technical ideas and methods, improve their enthusiasm to participate in technological activities, but also exercise their own creative and practical ability. Therefore, the author puts forward the hypothesis that design and production practice can greatly improve students' technical literacy. By consulting the relevant literature and theoretical works, the author has a certain understanding of the connotation and importance of technical literacy, and obtains a comprehensive evaluation of students' technical literacy in the general technical curriculum. Then the questionnaire and interview survey are designed to analyze the shortcomings and causes of the technical literacy of the students in the general technology course. Design and distribute two kinds of questionnaires: one is the student questionnaire to investigate the level of their technical literacy; the other is the teacher questionnaire to find out the reasons for the problems of students' technical literacy. According to the relevant literature and the author's teaching practice experience, the author interprets the concept, characteristics and process of design and production activities, and then puts forward a design mode of design and production activities, and according to the learning situation and curriculum standards, According to this pattern, an example of design and production activity, the design and manufacture of portable bench, is designed. In order to explore the effectiveness of the design model, the author applies the model to the real teaching practice. According to the results of the pre-test of technical literacy, 40 students with similar technical literacy in two classes were selected, and the comparative experimental teaching of the two classes was carried out by using the teaching mode based on design and production practice and the traditional teaching mode. The differences of students' technical knowledge, technical behavior ability, technical thought and method, technical attitude and emotion are compared and analyzed by means of theoretical test and practical operation test. Furthermore, this paper makes an empirical analysis of the view that design and production activities are an important means to improve students' technical literacy.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.94
本文编号：2477335
[Abstract]:The general technical curriculum in senior high school is based on practice, pays attention to students' creative ability, attaches importance to comprehensiveness, and merges science and humanities. In the general technical curriculum outline of senior high school, it is emphasized that its basic goal is to improve students' technical literacy, so as to create good conditions for students to achieve their own all-round development. Among them, improving students' technical literacy is the core goal of developing general technical curriculum in senior high school. However, the current situation of technical literacy of senior high school students is not optimistic. The process of design and production practice includes a series of technical activities, such as the generation of requirements, the conception of design scheme, expression and communication, evaluation and selection of design, and so on. In the process of designing and making their own products, students can not only be familiar with the basic knowledge of textbooks, strengthen the ability to use technical ideas and methods, improve their enthusiasm to participate in technological activities, but also exercise their own creative and practical ability. Therefore, the author puts forward the hypothesis that design and production practice can greatly improve students' technical literacy. By consulting the relevant literature and theoretical works, the author has a certain understanding of the connotation and importance of technical literacy, and obtains a comprehensive evaluation of students' technical literacy in the general technical curriculum. Then the questionnaire and interview survey are designed to analyze the shortcomings and causes of the technical literacy of the students in the general technology course. Design and distribute two kinds of questionnaires: one is the student questionnaire to investigate the level of their technical literacy; the other is the teacher questionnaire to find out the reasons for the problems of students' technical literacy. According to the relevant literature and the author's teaching practice experience, the author interprets the concept, characteristics and process of design and production activities, and then puts forward a design mode of design and production activities, and according to the learning situation and curriculum standards, According to this pattern, an example of design and production activity, the design and manufacture of portable bench, is designed. In order to explore the effectiveness of the design model, the author applies the model to the real teaching practice. According to the results of the pre-test of technical literacy, 40 students with similar technical literacy in two classes were selected, and the comparative experimental teaching of the two classes was carried out by using the teaching mode based on design and production practice and the traditional teaching mode. The differences of students' technical knowledge, technical behavior ability, technical thought and method, technical attitude and emotion are compared and analyzed by means of theoretical test and practical operation test. Furthermore, this paper makes an empirical analysis of the view that design and production activities are an important means to improve students' technical literacy.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.94
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