高中历史教学中证据意识的培养研究

发布时间：2019-05-20 01:01

【摘要】：历史的本质就在于它的真实性,历史是真实发生在过去的事情,但却不可能被一一经历,因此每一个历史结论的得出,都需要用证据来支撑。自上世纪90年代以来,针对“证据意识”的研究已取得卓越成就,特别是在基础历史学科已成为历史教师的共识——师生历史证据意识的训练与养成。但是在众多研究中,我们发现有关学生证据意识的培养现状的探究并不多,历史证据与史料之间的关系又缺乏清晰的界定与论述,而多数研究又仅从某一教学案例出发或从个人经验角度出发以表述个人看法。因此,我们有必要从内容到形式上作进更深一步探究。基于历史学科的“求真、求实”的特殊属性,将“证据意识”渗透到历史教学的每一个环节中,势必给我们的学生和老师带来无限益处。本文以培养学生的证据意识为研究对象,以当前培养学生证据意识的现状为出发点,通过问卷调查法、访谈法来摸清证据意识在一线教学中实施的现状,并找出问题所在,针对调查结果,我们将给以相应解决策略。同时,我们也将用文献法从内容上对证据意识与史料的概念及其关系进行界定。文章主要由四个部分构成:一在前期文献法的基础上,我们对证据意识的概念进行介绍与界定,明确了证据意识与史料的关系,分析了作为国民的未来人——我们的学生具有“证据意识”的必要性。二采用问卷调查法与访谈法,揭示了一线历史教学中有关学生证据意识培养的现状和问题,调查结果发现学生对历史证据概念理解不足,历史史料的实用不够重视和主动,但学生已初步形成证据意识。三针对调查结果和发现的问题,我们给出相应解决对策:首先历史教师要树立证据教学的意识,不断提高自身的专业素养和教学理念,重视证据教学;其次针对课堂教学,不断改进课堂教学方式,在课堂中渗透、训练并培养学生的证据意识;再次历史教材的编排有待改进,加大并以醒目的方式加入历史证据以及相应的史料,在教材阅读和学习中逐渐渗透与养成;最后积极开展课外活动,以引导学生在活动中搜集证据并逐渐养成搜集证据的习惯,让学生真正的热爱上“求真、求实”的历史学习。四我们从多方面强调在培养学生证据意识的过程中要注意的问题,如所选史料证据要适应教学重难点、史料的广度与深度问题等,以期能在历史教学中真正的、顺利的开展证据教学以培养学生的证据意识。期望本研究能够为历史教学培养学生证据意识提供理论依据,同时还可以为一线历史教师的证据教学做指导。
[Abstract]:The essence of history lies in its authenticity, history is true in the past, but it can not be experienced one by one, so every historical conclusion needs to be supported by evidence. Since the 1990s, the research on "evidence consciousness" has made remarkable achievements, especially in the basic history discipline has become the consensus of history teachers-the training and cultivation of teachers and students' historical evidence consciousness. However, in many studies, we find that there are not many explorations about the present situation of the cultivation of students' evidence consciousness, and the relationship between historical evidence and historical materials is lack of clear definition and discussion. And most studies only from a teaching case or from the perspective of personal experience to express personal views. Therefore, it is necessary for us to take a deeper step into the content and form. Based on the special attribute of "seeking truth and seeking truth" in history, infiltrating "evidence consciousness" into every link of history teaching is bound to bring infinite benefits to our students and teachers. This article takes the cultivation of students' evidence consciousness as the research object, takes the present situation of cultivating students' evidence consciousness as the starting point, through the questionnaire survey method, the interview method to find out the present situation of the evidence consciousness in the front-line teaching, and finds out the problem. In view of the survey results, we will give the corresponding solution strategy. At the same time, we will also use the literature method to define the concept and relationship between evidence consciousness and historical materials. The article is mainly composed of four parts: first, on the basis of the early literature law, we introduce and define the concept of evidence consciousness, and clarify the relationship between evidence consciousness and historical materials. This paper analyzes the necessity that our students, as the future people of the nation, have the sense of evidence. Second, by using the method of questionnaire and interview, this paper reveals the present situation and problems of the cultivation of students' evidence consciousness in the first-line history teaching. The results show that the students do not understand the concept of historical evidence enough, and the practice of historical data is not paid enough attention to and initiative. However, students have initially formed a sense of evidence. Third, in view of the investigation results and the problems found, we give the corresponding countermeasures: first of all, history teachers should establish the consciousness of evidence teaching, constantly improve their professional literacy and teaching ideas, and attach importance to evidence teaching; Secondly, aiming at classroom teaching, constantly improve classroom teaching methods, infiltrate, train and cultivate students' awareness of evidence in the classroom; Thirdly, the arrangement of history teaching materials needs to be improved, and the historical evidence and corresponding historical materials should be added in a conspicuous way, which will gradually permeate and develop in the reading and learning of teaching materials. Finally, we can actively carry out extracurricular activities to guide students to collect evidence in the activities and gradually form the habit of collecting evidence, so that students can really love the historical study of "seeking truth and seeking truth". Fourth, we emphasize from many aspects the problems that should be paid attention to in the process of cultivating students' evidence consciousness, such as the selected historical data evidence should adapt to the teaching difficulties, the breadth and depth of historical materials, and so on, in order to be true in history teaching. Carry out evidence teaching smoothly in order to cultivate students' evidence consciousness. It is expected that this study can provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of students' evidence consciousness in history teaching, and at the same time, it can also guide the evidence teaching of first-line history teachers.
【学位授予单位】：江苏师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.51

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