劳务派遣制度的立法完善Legislative Perfection Of Labor Dispatch

摘  要

随着我国市场经济的不断发展，劳务派遣这种新型用工方式的应用越来越广。劳务派遣制度的产生顺应了企业的发展需求，这种新型的用工方式满足了用工单位的弹性的用人需求。劳务派遣制度的建立，从用工单位的角度看，节约了用工单位的人力资源成本，减少了用工单位的各种劳务纠纷。从整个社会的角度看，劳务派遣平衡了社会供需双方的人力资源，促进了人力资源的重新配置和合理流动。从被派遣劳动者的角度看，劳务派遣的工作大多是一些非技术性的劳动，为弱势群体创造了大量公平择业的机会。劳务派遣制度随着我国市场经济的发展，其也在不断的完善。我国在《劳动合同法》、《劳动合同法实施条例》等立法中对劳务派遣制度做了明确的规范，这进一步促进了劳务派遣制度的发展。虽然我国法律明确了与劳务派遣相关的内容，但是由于我国劳务派遣制度起步晚，在各方面还不成熟，法律当中的规范也存在一定的漏洞。法律中的一些条文仅是理论层面的指导，与社会实践还存在一定差距，，法律中的规范难以对现实的就业市场进行有效的指导。劳务派遣市场存在的主要问题有：劳务派遣单位的资质不够，对劳务派遣的工作内容及职责等方面缺乏明确的规范，对劳务派遣的三方主体的权利、责任及义务缺乏明确说明等。这些问题如果长期得不到解决，长期存在于我国社会中，会影响到用工市场的正常秩序，会对我国社会经济的健康发展造成一定影响。不断完善法律法规，建立起符合和保障各方利益的法律制度体系有利于维护各方当事的人的合法权利，这也是我国推进法制型社会建设的必然要求。
论文的第一部分阐述了劳务派遣的相关概念，包括劳务派遣的概念、特征及劳务派遣的分类、劳务派遣的法律关系、劳务派遣的现实价值，并分析了劳务派遣的利弊。论文第二部分介绍了我国劳务派遣制度实施的现状，并分别从劳务派遣单位的市场准入要求不高、缺乏对劳务派遣单位的监督管理、劳务派遣市场不规范的用工形式、滥用派遣行为及区别性对待被派遣劳动者等方面分析了目前我国劳务派遣制度存在的主要问题。论文第三部分介绍了有关国家劳务派遣制度的相关立法，及其借鉴价值。论文第四部分，针对我国劳务派遣制度存在的问题，分别从提高市场准入门槛、完善劳务派遣监管制度、明确劳务派遣适用范围、规范用人单位与劳务派遣单位的责任、完善和加强同工同酬相关制度等方面提出相应的改善建议及对策。论文第五部分总结全文的观点及指出论文存在的不足。
本文通过对我国劳务派遣相关法律进行了系统性的研究，充分借鉴了国外先进的劳务派遣制度及理论研究成果，立足于我国当下劳务派遣市场现状，分析了我国劳务派遣制度中存在的问题并提出了相应的解决措施。通过理论与实践相结合的方法，使得理论更具有的说服力和指导价值，通过社会实践反馈理论也更能检验理论的不足，如此使得本文的研究更具有可推行的操作价值。其次，作者认为我国劳务派遣制度的形成及发展是其特殊背景下的产物，其制度的完善同样也要遵循我国的特殊国情及客观规律。劳务派遣市场出现的混乱状况很多时候并非是由于制度设计不够合理、制度存在漏洞等原因，而是在实际执行过程中缺少有效的监管。因此完善劳务派遣法律制度的监管配套措施是保证劳务派遣制度有效执行的关键。
为科学、严谨论述课题有关内容，本文采用了以下研究方法：一是系统分析法，对我国劳务派遣制度进行全面的阐述，从劳务派遣的概念及特征，劳务派遣和相关概念的区别和分析，劳务派遣立法完善的必要性等进行详细阐释和评析，同时梳理了我国劳务派遣立法实践的现状，在此基础上思考我国该制度现存问题并提出自己的看法；二是文献分析法，阅读和参阅与课题相关的法学等理论专著、期刊文章及网络文章，为论文写作打牢理论基础。广泛收集前沿性资料，特别是典型的文献资料，将有借鉴性的内容充实到论文之中，为论文观点作有力支撑；三是归纳分析法。本文以劳务派遣的理论问题及我国法律的现状为切入和侧重点，通过对我国劳务派遣立法缺陷的分析探讨，提出了完善立法的建议。
关键词：劳务派遣制度，问题，立法，完善
 
Abstract

With the continuous development of China's market economy, labor dispatch this new way of employment is applied more and more widely. Labor dispatching system conforms to the needs of the development of enterprises, this new way of employment to meet the employing units employing demand elasticity. Establishment of labor dispatch system, from the employer's point of view, save the unit labor cost of human resources, reducing the labor disputes labor units. From the social point of view, the labor dispatch balance social both supply and demand of human resources, to promote the re allocation of human resources and reasonable flow. From the perspective of labor dispatch employees, labor dispatching work mostly unskilled labor, created a large number of fair employment opportunities for vulnerable groups.
Labor dispatch system with the development of market economy in China, it also at continuously perfect. China in the "labor contract law", "labor contract law" Regulations for the implementation of the law on labor dispatch system to do a clear specification, which further promoted the development of labor dispatch system. Although Chinese law clearly to send relevant content and services, but because of China's labor dispatch system started late, in various aspects are not mature, the legal norms is a loophole. Some of the provisions of law is only theoretical guidance, but also has certain disparity with the social practice, the law in the specification difficult to effectively guide the practical employment market. The main problem existed in the labor market: the labor dispatch unit qualification is not enough, the lack of clear specification of the labor dispatching work and responsibilities, rights, responsibilities and obligations of the dispatched three parties such as the lack of clear. If these problems cannot be solved for a long time, has long existed in our society, will affect the normal order of the employment market, will cause a certain impact on the healthy development of social economy in china. Continuously improve laws and regulations, establish and safeguard the interests of all parties of the legal system is conducive to the maintenance of the parties' legal rights, which is China's inevitable requirement to promote the construction of the legal system society.
The thesis consists of five parts, as follows; The first chapter, the introduction part introduced the research background, purpose, meaning, method, content and research at home and abroad. The second chapter, describes the related concept of labor dispatch, including labor dispatch's concept, characteristics and classification of labor dispatch system, labor dispatch legal relations involved in labor dispatch, value and significance, and points out the advantages and disadvantages of labor dispatch. The third chapter, first briefly introduces the present situation of China's labor market, and from the labor dispatch market access requirements of the unit is not high, lack of supervision and management, dispatch unit of labor dispatch service market is not standard form of labor dispatch, abuse behavior and difference treat labor service dispatch staff and other aspects of the main problems at present Chinese labor dispatch market exists. The fourth chapter, in view of our country labor market problems, respectively, from raising the threshold for market access, improve the regulatory system, labor dispatch, labor dispatching scope clear specification by the employer and the labor dispatch unit responsibility, put forward the improvement suggestions and Countermeasures to improve and strengthen the relevant system of equal pay for equal work. The fifth chapter, summarizes the views and points out the shortcomings of the existing.
This paper systematically studies the China labor dispatching legal system and theory, referring to the foreign advanced research results, based on China's current labor market status, analysis of China's labor dispatch system in the existing problems and puts forward corresponding solving measures. By integrating theory with practice, makes the theory more persuasive and guiding value, through the practice of insufficient feedback testing theory, this makes this study more can promote the value of the operation. Secondly, the author believes that the formation and development of China's labor dispatch system is the product of its special background, perfect its system also should abide by China's special national conditions and objective law. Labor dispatch market confusion and many times is not due to the unreasonable design of the system, the system loopholes exist, but due to the lack of effective supervision in the actual implementation process. Regulatory measures to improve the legal system of dispatching is the key to ensure the effective implementation of the labor dispatch system.
The following methods were applied for scientifically rigorous elaboration on relevant topics. The first is system analysis. Labor dispatch system was elaborated comprehensively, including its concepts and characteristics, the discrimination between labor dispatch and other relevant concepts, current legislation and the necessity of improvement. The second is document analysis. As a basis of this study, jurisprudence monographs, journal articles and online articles were referenced.  Extensive collection of frontier information and typical literature were referenced as the grounds of argument. The third is the inductive analysis. In this study, theoretical issued related to the labor dispatch and the current legislation of China were raised. Legislative defects of labor dispatch were analyzed and respective recommendations were proposed.  
Keywords: Labor dispatch system, problems, legislation, perfect 

目     录

引言..............................................................1
1 劳务派遣制度阐述 ..............................................1
1.1  劳务派遣的概念和特征.........................................1
1.1.1  劳务派遣的概念 ..........................................1
1.1.2  劳务派遣的特征...........................................1
1.2  劳务派遣的分类 ..............................................3
1.2.1  按服务期限分类 ..........................................3
1.2.2  其他分类方式 ..........................................3
1.3  劳务派遣的法律关系分析 .......................................3
1.3.1  派遣单位与被派遣劳动者之间的法律关系 ..................3
1.3.2  劳务派遣单位与用工单位之间的法律关系 ..................4
1.3.3  被派遣劳动者与用工单位之间的法律关系 ..................4
1.4  劳务派遣的现实价值 ..........................................4
1.4.1  对用工单位的价值 .......................................4
1.4.2  对社会的价值 ..........................................5
1.4.3  对劳动者的价值..........................................5
1.5  劳务派遣的利弊分析 ..........................................5
2 我国劳务派遣制度实施的现状及存在的问题分析 .....................7
2.1  我国劳务派遣制度实施的现状 ................................7
2.1.1  劳务派遣的服务单位 .......................................7
2.1.2  劳务派遣的法律法规 .......................................7
2.2  我国劳务派遣制度存在的问题分析 ............................8
2.2.1  劳务派遣单位的市场准入条件不严 .........................8
2.2.2  缺乏对劳务派遣行为有效监督管理 .........................9
2.2.3  劳务派遣的用工范围规范不够明确 .........................9
2.2.4  劳务派遣市场存在滥用派遣的行为 ........................10
2.2.5  劳务派遣单位与用工单位责任不明 ........................11
2.2.6  用工单位对被派遣劳动者区别对待 ....................... 11
3 有关国家劳务派遣制度的相关立法及借鉴价值 ....................13
3.1  有关国家劳务派遣制度的相关立法 .......................... 13
3.1.1 美国劳务派遣制度的相关立法 ...............................13
3.1.2 德国劳务派遣制度的相关立法 ...............................13
3.1.3 日本劳务派遣制度的相关立法 .............................. 14
3.2  有关国家劳务派遣制度相关立法的借鉴价值 ....................14
3.2.1  提高劳务派遣单位的进入门槛 ...........................14
3.2.2  明确劳务派遣单位的服务范围 ...........................15
3.2.3  明确各方责任完善监管方式 ...............................15
3.2.4  加强对劳务派遣市场的监管 ...............................15
4 完善我国劳务派遣制度的对策 ............................... 17
4.1  提高市场准入资质门槛 ......................................17
4.1.1  提高劳务派遣单位的资质审核 ...........................17
4.1.2  增设劳务派遣单位的保证金 ...............................17
4.2  完善劳务派遣监管机制 ......................................18
4.3  明确劳务派遣适用范围 ......................................19
4.4  明确用人与劳务派遣方责任....................................20 
4.5  完善同工同酬相关制度 ......................................21 
5 结论 ...........................................................22 
主要参考文献 ......................... ..........................23
后记.................... .... ....................................25

引言

我国市场经济的不断发展，市场经济的繁荣需要多样化的企业经营方式，企业在创造经济效益方面可以选择更加灵活的用工方式。劳务派遣这一用工方式随之产生，为用工单位与劳动者双方搭建了沟通的渠道，提高了双方互相选择的成功率，满足了企业临时的或弹性的用工需求，降低了用工单位的劳工法律风险，减少了用工单位的用人成本。2008年之前我国并没有具体的法律规定劳务派遣这一内容。随着劳务派遣市场的形式，各种劳务派遣纠纷不断，各种劳务派遣问题层出不穷，建立起相关的法律制度保障显得尤为必要。现行的法律法规难以有效的解决这些现实问题，本文深入了解我国当下的劳务派遣市场，对隐藏在劳务派遣问题中的深层次原因及矛盾进行深层次的分析，并试图找出解决这些问题的办法，并采取有效的解决对策更好地维护三方主体的合法权益。

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