出资瑕疵股东的民事责任研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 09:21

本文选题：公司法 + 出资瑕疵股东　；参考：《大连理工大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：股东的出资是公司主要的财产来源,也是对外清偿债务的基础。股东出资瑕疵侵害了公司财产所有权,会导致公司不能有效成立,即使公司成立,在日后的经营管理过程中,也会面临资金周转困难的困境,而在交易中资金是联系公司经营各个环节的纽带,资金的缺少很可能就导致公司损失交易机会,公司运转的失灵势必会导致公司一步步走向亏损乃至破产,而对于股东来讲,股东权利的实现大多依赖于公司的盈利,基于此,公司资金出现问题,股东预期利益也难以得到实现,无形之中会加大足额出资股东经营的风险。另外,对公司债权人的利益也造成不利影响,基于诚信这个交易原则,公司资金不足会给交易对方造成难以估计的损失,在市场经济这个大的环境下,如果公司都以这种状态进行交易,那么市场经济也会变得杂乱无章,国家在管理上变得更加困难,交易安全是各个公司企业在经营中至关重要的部分,交易安全没有保障那么一切交易都很难成功,故出资瑕疵行为为公司法严厉禁止。但是,因为制度安排的缺失,在我国法律体系中对于这方面的规定刑法和行政法居于主要地位,对于民事责任的规定不足,在公司法中,对于出资瑕疵行为尚没有形成一个完整的体系,有些规定过于原则化,在实际操作中存在着很大的困难,。对于交易的各方主体,诚信意识还很淡薄,对于出资瑕疵行为没有一个全面的认识,所以当前股东出资瑕疵的现象十分普遍。目前,学术界对出资瑕疵责任问题的研究在承担责任的主体上比较混乱,对出资瑕疵的股东是否以及如何承担民事责任研究较少并且不很具体和系统,相关法律、司法解释对此规定较为简略。本文试图从出资瑕疵股东这一主体所要承担的民事责任的角度来进行分析研究。本文探讨了出资瑕疵股东承担民事责任的分类并分析相关的理论依据,介绍了国外对这一责任的相关规定及救济措施,并对我国出资瑕疵股东承担民事责任制度的法律依据进行了剖析,指出现行出资瑕疵股东的民事责任制度存在理论基础不足、立法层次低、适用范围窄、规则粗陋等缺陷,提出进一步完善出资瑕疵股东的民事责任制度的构想。
[Abstract]:The shareholder's contribution is the company's main property source, also is the external discharge debt foundation. The defect of shareholders' contribution infringes upon the ownership of the company's property, which will result in the company being unable to set up effectively. Even if the company is established, it will also face the difficulty of capital turnover in the course of management and operation in the future. In the transaction, capital is the link that connects the company with all aspects of operation. The lack of funds will probably lead to the loss of trading opportunities for the company. The failure of the operation of the company will inevitably lead to the loss or even bankruptcy of the company step by step, and for shareholders, The realization of shareholders' rights mostly depends on the profits of the company. Based on this, the problems of the company's funds and the difficulty of realizing the shareholders' expected interests will increase the risk of the shareholders' operating in full investment in the form of intangibility. In addition, it has a negative impact on the interests of the creditors of the company. Based on the principle of good faith, the lack of funds of the company will cause incalculable losses to the other side of the transaction. In the large environment of the market economy, If companies trade in this state, then the market economy will also become chaotic, and the country will become more difficult to manage. Transaction security is a vital part of the operations of companies. Trade security is not guaranteed, so all transactions are difficult to succeed, so the defect of capital contribution is strictly prohibited by company law. However, due to the lack of institutional arrangements, the provisions of criminal law and administrative law are in the main position in the legal system of our country, and the provisions on civil liability are insufficient. There is not a complete system for the defective investment behavior, some provisions are too principled, and there are great difficulties in the actual operation. For the parties involved in the transaction, the consciousness of honesty is still very weak, and there is no comprehensive understanding of the defective behavior of capital contribution, so the phenomenon of the defect of shareholder's contribution is very common at present. At present, the academic research on the liability of defective capital contribution is confused on the subject of liability, and the research on whether and how the shareholders of the defect of capital contribution bear civil liability is less and less specific and systematic, relevant law. Judicial interpretation of this provision is relatively simple. This paper attempts to analyze and study the civil liability of shareholders with defective capital contribution. This paper probes into the classification of civil liability of shareholders with defective capital contribution and analyzes the relevant theoretical basis, and introduces the relevant provisions and relief measures for this liability in foreign countries. It also analyzes the legal basis of the civil liability system of shareholders with defective capital contribution in our country, and points out that the current civil liability system of defective shareholders of capital contribution has some defects, such as insufficient theoretical basis, low level of legislation, narrow scope of application and rough rules, etc. This paper puts forward the idea of perfecting the civil liability system of shareholders with defective capital contribution.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.291.91

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