山东省高校在校大学生的创新创业教育探究

发布时间：2018-03-08 06:42

本文选题：创新创业教育　切入点：大学生　出处：《山东建筑大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：建设“创新型国家”的关键是创新型人才的培养与凝聚。大学作为高层次创新人才的培养基地,国家和政府对高校大学生的创新创业教育也相应地给予了更高程度地重视。近年来,尤其是在“大众创业,万众创新”的理念指导下,我国已将创新创业教育纳入到高等教育综合改革的序列之中,目的就是为国家培养具有创新精神、创业能力的高素质人才,以提高我国综合竞争力,实现建设“创新型国家”的战略目标。创新创业教育是一种新的教育理念和模式,它着重培养受教育者的创新精神和创业能力。创新创业教育的理念起源于西方国家,中国的创新创业教育萌芽于20世纪80年代,到了21世纪,中国的高校才开始实施一系列的教育实践活动,从教育部的高校试点教育开始,到2015年后“大众创业,万众创新”理念的提出,我国对创新创业教育的重视程度已经全面上升到国家战略的高度。如何在高校中有效的开展创新创业教育不仅关系到新时期高等教育综合改革的成败,而且也关系到千百万在校大学生的成长和未来。山东省着力发展高校大学生创新创业教育的时间走在全国其他省份的前列。在山东省政府的大力支持下,一批由大学主办、政府资金支持的创新创业学院在山东省的众多高校中开花结果,取得了很好的效果。本研究主要是以山东省高校的创新创业教育实践活动为研究对象,以存在的问题为导向,通过问卷调查、网络调查和访谈的研究方法,对山东省创新创业教育实践进行梳理,以期总结经验教训,提出相应的对策与建议,进一步促进高校创新创业教育实践活动的健康开展。2016年,山东省人民政府在《关于贯彻国办发36号文件全面深化高等学校创新创业教育改革的实施意见》中明确提出了今后一段时间内的发展目标,即山东省要主动适应经济发展新常态,加快培养规模宏大、富有创新精神、勇于投身实践的创新创业人才队伍,为建设经济文化强省提供强大的人力资源支撑,力争到2020年基本形成科学先进、广泛认同、具有山东特色、走在全国前列的高校创新创业教育体系。本研究主要从以下几个方面展开:首先从马克思主义哲学的认识论、实践论等角度对高校的创新创业教育进行了重新的阐释,提出了创新是创业的原始动力,而创业活动是检验创新创业教育成效的唯一途径。在创新创业教育中要做到“知行合一”,就必须将理论认识和实践活动有机的统一在一起,使之相辅相成,才能更好地完成对大学生的创新创业教育。在此认识的基础上,创新创业教育的内涵包含三个层面:(1)创新创业教育是一门综合性的应用学科;(2)创新创业教育是素质教育;(3)创新创业教育是“知行合一”,二者相辅相成。其次,本文着重分析了国家政策对创新创业教育的影响。创新创业教育是国家级的战略规划,政策的导向是影响创新创业教育的首要因素,国家大力提倡和扶持是开展创新创业教育的先决条件。在对山东省出台的相应政策进行分析的基础之上,本文选取14所山东省高校进行了网络调查和访谈,初步了解了山东省高校创新创业教育的发展状况。再次,以山东省高校为例,选取8所高校,采用问卷调查的方式,对山东省高校创新创业教育实际情况进行了调查。通过调查研究发现:(1)山东省高校的创新创业教育实践虽然取得了一定的成绩,但从整体而言仍处于起步阶段,因此,下一步的目标就是全面启动,整体推进,努力做到全覆盖;(2)山东省高校大学生进行创新创业的内在因素(传统教育理念和家庭因素影响)大于受教育因素,山东省高校大学生受外在环境的影响较大,承担创新创业风险的信心不足;(3)山东省高校正在积极构建创新创业的基础能力建设,具体表现在对创新创业基地和孵化基地的建设上,制度化和规范化仍需要进一步强化和提升;(4)山东省高校尚未形成完备的创新创业教育体系,校内教育、实践环境对大学生的吸引力不足,课程体系建设和实践能力建设仍有待提高和加强。十三五期间是山东省高校开展创新创业教育的良好契机,从山东省的实际来看,山东省高校进行创新创业教育要从引导转变教育观念、营造良好的创新创业环境、加强学校教育的导向作用等几个方面进行加强,通过学校的教育环境提升大学生的创新创业能力,为地区的经济发展提供合格人才。最后,根据对山东省创新创业教育实践工作的研究和分析,并结合国、内外创新创业教育实践活动的成功案例和成功经验,提出了促进我国高校创新创业教育与实践发展的策略和途径,即主动深化人才培养模式的改革、提升基础能力建设、完善教育政策体系和服务体系以及全面融入“大众创业,万众创新”的社会化大环境等四个方面的意见和建议。
[Abstract]:Key to the construction of "innovative country" and cultivating innovative talents. The University as a base for training high-level innovative talents, the state and the government on College Students' innovation and entrepreneurship education also gives a high degree of attention. In recent years, especially in the public business, innovation "concept to guide next, our country has the innovation and entrepreneurship education into the sequence of the comprehensive reform of higher education, the purpose is to cultivate high-quality talents with innovative spirit and entrepreneurial ability, to enhance China's comprehensive competitiveness, realize the strategic goal of building innovative country. The innovation and entrepreneurship education is a new educational concept and mode and it focuses on the cultivation of the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship education. Innovation education concept originated in western countries, Chinese innovative entrepreneurship education emerged in 1980s, to 2 In first Century, China University began a series of educational practice, from the beginning of the pilot of the Ministry of education, 2015 after the public business, put forward the innovation concept, our country attaches great importance to innovation and entrepreneurship education has been fully risen to the height of the national strategy. How to effectively carry out the innovation in Colleges and universities entrepreneurship education is not only related to the comprehensive reform of higher education in the new era of success or failure, but also related to the growth and future of millions of college students. Colleges and universities focus on the development of innovation and entrepreneurship education of college students in Shandong province while in other provinces all over the country in the forefront. In support of the Shandong provincial government, a group sponsored by the University, and innovation and entrepreneurship School of government funds to support many colleges and universities in Shandong Province, and achieved good results. This study is based on innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities of Shandong province. Practical activities as the research object, with the problem oriented research methods, through the questionnaire survey, network survey and interview, analyzing Shandong province innovation and entrepreneurship education practice, in order to summarize the experience and lessons, put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, to further promote the healthy practice of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities to carry out the.2016, the people's government Shandong province has clearly put forward the future development goals within a period of time in "Document No. 36 on the implementation of the national comprehensive deepening of higher education innovation and entrepreneurship education reform implementation opinions, Shandong province should take the initiative to adapt to the new normal economic development, speeding up the training scale, innovative spirit, the courage to practice the talents of innovation and entrepreneurship and provide strong human resources support for the construction of economic and cultural province, and strive to 2020, forming a scientific and advanced, widely recognized, with the characteristics of Shandong, go in full The system of entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities in the forefront of innovation. This research mainly from the following aspects: first, from the understanding of Marx's philosophy of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities of the perspective of practice theory explained, put forward the innovation is the original power of entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurship is the only way to test the effectiveness of innovation and entrepreneurship education in innovation and entrepreneurship education to achieve "unity", it must be the theoretical understanding and practice of organic unity together to complement each other, in order to do better on College Students' innovation and entrepreneurship education. On the basis of this understanding, the connotation of innovation and entrepreneurship education includes three aspects: (1) innovation and entrepreneurship education is a comprehensive application of discipline; (2) the innovation and entrepreneurship education is quality education; (3) the innovation and entrepreneurship education is "unity", the two complement each other. Second, this paper focuses on the analysis of the Influence of national policy on innovation and entrepreneurship education. Innovation and entrepreneurship education is a national strategic planning and policy guidance are key factors influencing the innovation and entrepreneurship education, the national advocate and support is a prerequisite for carrying out innovation and entrepreneurship education. On the basis of the analysis on the introduction of Shandong Province, this paper selects the corresponding policy 14 Shandong province conducted online surveys and interviews, a preliminary understanding of the development of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities in Shandong province. Thirdly, universities in Shandong Province as an example, selects 8 universities, with a questionnaire survey, conducted a survey on the actual situation of Shandong province university innovation and Entrepreneurship education. The findings are: (1) Shandong province university innovation and entrepreneurship education practice has made some achievements, but overall is still in the initial stage, therefore, the next step is to start a comprehensive, overall progress, Strive to achieve full coverage; (2) the intrinsic factors of college students in Shandong province for innovation and Entrepreneurship (the influence of traditional education idea and family factors) than education factors, college students in Shandong province are influenced by the external environment, take the risk of innovation lack of confidence; (3) in Shandong Province is actively building innovation foundation capacity building, specifically in the construction of innovation base and base on the institutionalization and standardization still need to further strengthen and enhance; (4) has not yet formed a complete innovation and entrepreneurship education system, school education in Colleges and universities in Shandong Province, attractive practice environment on College Students' lack of curriculum system construction and practice ability construction needs to be improved and strengthened. During the period of 13th Five-Year is a good opportunity to carry out innovation and entrepreneurship education in Colleges and universities of Shandong Province, Shandong Province, from the practical point of view, innovation and Entrepreneurship of colleges and universities in Shandong Province To guide the education from changing the concept of education, to create a favorable environment for innovation and entrepreneurship, strengthen the guiding role of school education from several aspects such as strengthening, through school education environment to improve students' ability of innovation and entrepreneurship, to provide qualified talents for the economic development of the region. Finally, according to the research and analysis of Shandong province innovation and entrepreneurship education practice. And the United Nations, successful cases and successful experience and innovation and entrepreneurship education practice, put forward to promote the strategy and the way of innovation and entrepreneurship education and practice in the development of our country, the initiative to deepen reform of the talent cultivating pattern, enhance infrastructure construction, improve education policy system and service system, fully integrated into the public business, the the innovation of "social environment, opinions and suggestions in four aspects.

【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G647.38

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