大国:规模的影响

发布时间：2018-05-19 05:15

本文选题：国家规模 + 经济影响　；参考：《经济研究参考》2017年40期

【摘要】：国家的大小与其经济表现和地位有很大的不同,因而国际社会对大国比小国更有兴趣。衡量国家大小的主要标志是人口,它包括人口数量和密度,但地理面积的大小也很重要,它与自然资源的数量和种类相联系。根据不同样本国家的实证分析,表明一个国家的人口越多,对外贸易在国家的GDP中所占的份额越低。规模经济普遍被认为是大国外贸比例低的主要原因,大国具有庞大的市场,使许多行业可以享有规模经济的好处。在充满国际贸易制约的社会里,大国取得规模经济的成功比小国容易,相对而言,大国的资本和人力资源投入效率更高。在收入分配方面,大国比小国的地区差异更大。虽然经济与国家规模的直接联系很小,但国家规模确实对经济有影响,包括对经济结构和经济表现的影响。
[Abstract]:The size of a country is very different from its economic performance and status, so the international community is more interested in big than small. The main measure of the size of a country is population, which includes the number and density of population, but the size of geographical area is also important, which is related to the quantity and variety of natural resources. According to the empirical analysis of different sample countries, it shows that the larger the population of a country, the lower the share of foreign trade in national GDP. Scale economy is generally considered to be the main reason for the low proportion of large countries' foreign trade. Large countries have a huge market, so many industries can enjoy the benefits of scale economy. In a society full of international trade constraints, it is easier for big countries to succeed in economies of scale than for small countries. In contrast, large countries are more efficient in capital and human resources investment. In terms of income distribution, regional differences between large and small countries are greater. Although the direct link between the economy and the size of the country is very small, the size of the country does have an impact on the economy, including on the structure and performance of the economy.
【作者单位】：湖南师范大学大国经济研究中心;哈佛大学;巴黎大学;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“发展中大国经济发展道路研究”(15ZDB132) 国家自然科学基金项目“基于规模优势的大国经济模型与实证研究”(71373075)的资助
【分类号】：F113

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