基于汉英对比的对外汉语存现句教学研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 09:42

本文关键词：基于汉英对比的对外汉语存现句教学研究　出处：《黑龙江大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：存现句是现代汉语语法中的重要句式之一,具有句法结构复杂、类型多样等特点。目前,从语言本体研究来看,对存现句的研究已经有了比较多的成果。相比之下,从对外汉语教学的角度对存现句的研究还有较大的空间。在日常生活中,人们经常要表达诸如“这个地方有什么”之类的意思。在外国学生学习汉语的过程中,存现句是他们最先接触到的句式之一。如果外国学习者不能正确掌握存现句的语法特点及使用规则,就可能引起许多偏误,影响日常交际。对比分析是第二语言学习中非常重要的方法,将汉语学习者的母语与其要学习的目的语即汉语进行对比,可以更加凸显汉语的重点难点,更有针对性地引导学生的学习。本文在前贤们研究的基础上对现代汉语存现句的界定、范围及分类进行了归纳,总结了其句法、语义和语用的特点。以这部分内容作为本文的理论基础。结合英语存现句的特点,利用英汉对比的方法分析汉语存现句和英语存现句的差异。通过问卷调查的形式考察了以英语为母语的外国留学生出现的存现句偏误情况,并对造成偏误的原因进行了分析。本文详细考察了《新汉语实用课本》这套教材中存现句的出现顺序及讲解和练习方式,还对HSK各级别试题中存现句的分布情况做了统计与分析。在前面这些研究的基础上,本文提出了对外汉语存现句教学的重点与难点,对优化教材中存现句的编写顺序及讲解、练习方式和存现句课堂教学的方法与技巧提出了具有可操作性的意见,并尝试做了初级阶段存现句的教学设计。
[Abstract]:Existential sentence is one of the most important sentence patterns in modern Chinese grammar, which has the characteristics of complex syntactic structure and diverse types. The research on existential sentences has made many achievements. In contrast, there is still more room for the study of existential sentences from the perspective of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. People often have to say something like "what's in this place." in the process of foreign students learning Chinese. The existential sentence is one of the first sentence patterns they come into contact with. If foreign learners can not correctly grasp the grammatical characteristics and usage rules of the existential sentence, it may cause a lot of errors. Contrastive analysis is a very important method in second language learning. Comparing Chinese learners' mother tongue with their target language, that is, Chinese, can highlight the key and difficult points of Chinese. This paper summarizes the definition, scope and classification of existential sentences in modern Chinese, and summarizes their syntax. Semantic and pragmatic features. This part of the content as the theoretical basis of the text, combined with the characteristics of English existential sentences. This paper analyzes the differences between Chinese and English existential sentences by means of English and Chinese contrastive methods, and investigates the errors of existential sentences of foreign students whose mother tongue is English by means of a questionnaire survey. The author also analyzes the causes of the errors. This paper makes a detailed study of the emergence order of the existential sentences and the ways of explanation and practice in the textbook "practical textbook for New Chinese". On the basis of the above studies, this paper puts forward the key points and difficulties in the teaching of existential sentences in Chinese as a foreign language. This paper puts forward some operable suggestions on how to optimize the order and explanation of the existential sentence in the textbook, the way of practice and the method and skill of the classroom teaching of the existential sentence, and tries to do the teaching design of the existential sentence in the primary stage.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H195

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