现代汉语否定式程度补语研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 15:29

本文关键词： 程度补语程度否定否定式语法化　出处：《天津师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现代汉语程度补语有一个特殊的小类——否定式程度补语,比如"不行"、"不成"、"不得了(了不得)"、"不一般"(包括方言中的"不中"、"不抵"、"不顶"、"不能")等。本研究对此小类程度补语进行了句法、语义及语用三个平面的共时描写和考察,并从历时角度梳理了它们的语法化历程,认为"结构固化粘着定位、语义虚化表征程度、使用泛化功能单一"为这一特殊小类程度补语的主要语法特点。本研究力求丰富现代汉语补语系统研究和现代汉语程度范畴研究,以期为相关新兴程度补语的研究以及对外汉语教学提供借鉴。第一章是绪论部分。从课题来源和研究意义两个角度阐述了选题的价值和必要性,在回溯学界对相关问题的探讨和解释之上剖析了之前研究所存在的问题和本研究应该努力的方向,最后说明了本研究的基本目的、大致对象、采用的理论和方法以及语料来源等问题。第二章是句法平面的分析。在界定重点研究对象的基础上,对典型的否定式程度补语所在的句法格式"V/A+de+DC(Neg)"予以定位和句法功能的分析,从重新分析的角度出发探讨了充当否定式程度补语的词汇发生词性转移的相关情况,重点分析了否定式程度补语的四个共性句法特征——后置性、唯补性、光杆性和肯定否定不对称性。最后说明了否定式程度补语与谓语中心"V/A"的搭配情况以及它们在各句型中的应用和体现。第三章是语义、语用两个平面的分析。语义分析在说明了基础语义与程度义二者关系的基础上分析了否定式程度补语[抽象/概括]、[否定/消极]两个共性语义特征,并以"不行"为例说明了否定义的磨损和程度义的固化。语用分析指明了否定式程度补语的焦点特征、表达特征、语体特征及其应用范围渐渐扩展的情况。第四章是否定式程度补语语法化历程的梳理。通过观察"消极评判"、"无法了结"和"超乎寻常"三种基础语义分别考察了系列否定式程度补语——"不行"、"不成"、"不中"、"不能"、"了不得1"、"不得了 1"、"了不得2"、"不得了 2"等的语法化过程及其程度义的由来。第五章是余论。首先分析了当代汉语的新兴否定式程度补语——"不行不行的"和"不要不要的";其次进行了中英程度表达的对照比较,对二语习得中的某些不合理现象予以指正,并试对现代汉语否定式程度补语进行英译;最后我们指明了本研究的不足之处以及将来研究的前景和方向。
[Abstract]:The modern Chinese degree complement has a special subcategory-negative degree complement. For example, "no", "no", "no", "great", "not ordinary" (including dialect "not", "not equal", "not top", "cannot", etc.). In this study, the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic syntactic, semantic and pragmatic levels of this subcategory of degree complement are described and investigated. And combing their grammaticalization process from a diachronic point of view, the author thinks that "the structure solidifies and adheres to the orientation, and the semantic representation degree," The main grammatical features of this special subcategory of degree complements are the use of a single generalization function. This study seeks to enrich the study of complement systems in modern Chinese and the study of the category of degree in modern Chinese. In order to provide reference for the study of complement of emerging degree and teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The first chapter is the introduction. From the point of view of the source of the topic and the significance of the research, this paper expounds the value and necessity of the topic. Based on the discussion and explanation of related problems in retrospect academic circles, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the previous research and the direction of this study, and finally explains the basic purpose and general object of this study. The second chapter is the analysis of syntactic plane. This paper analyzes the position and syntactic function of the syntactic form "V / A de DCNega", which is the syntactic form of the typical negative degree complement. From the angle of re-analysis, this paper discusses the relevant situation of the lexical part of speech transfer which acts as the negative degree complement. This paper mainly analyzes the four common syntactic characteristics of the negative degree complement: postposition and complement. Finally, the collocation of the negative degree complement with the predicate center "V / A" and their application and embodiment in various sentence patterns are explained. On the basis of explaining the relationship between the basic semantics and the degree meaning, the semantic analysis analyzes the general semantic characteristics of the negative degree complement [abstract / generalization] and [negative / negative]. Taking "No" as an example, this paper illustrates the wear and tear of the definition and the solidification of the degree of meaning. Pragmatic analysis indicates the characteristics of the focus and expression of the negative degree complement. Chapter 4th is a review of the grammaticalization of negative-degree complement. By observing the three basic semantics of "negative judgment", "unable to finish" and "extraordinary", respectively, Chapter 4th is a review of the grammaticalization of negative-degree complements. A series of negative degree complements "No", "No", "No", "No", "No", "No", "No", "impossible 1", "impossible 1", "impossible 2", "No No 2" and the origin of their degree of meaning. Chapter 5th is a supplementary theory. The new negative degree complement of the generation of Chinese-"no no" and "no no"; secondly, a comparative study of Chinese and English degree expressions. This paper attempts to correct some unreasonable phenomena in second language acquisition and try to translate the negative-degree complement into English in modern Chinese. Finally, we point out the shortcomings of this study and the prospect and direction of the study in the future.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3

【参考文献】