“苏格拉底圈”讨论式教学法在国际学校中文课堂教学中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 03:27

本文关键词： 讨论法 “苏格拉底圈” 国际学校中文第二语言教学　出处：《华东师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 国际学校对外汉语课堂阅读教学作为一个较新的研究与实践领域,实践中可以参考的教学方法很少。针对国际学校中大量近母语学生的语言背景,探讨语言教学中的“苏格拉底圈”式讨论法在第二语言课堂教学的可行性、有效性,这不仅是对传统汉语语言阅读教学方法的丰富。如今,以学生为中心的讨论式阅读教学法对于语言教学而言,已被业界证明其有效性。这当中,“苏格拉底圈”就是一种有效的方法。这种方法的机理是以交际能力为导向,通过参与和完成任务实现语言提升。以交际能力为导向的“苏格拉底圈”教学,同样适用于国际学校中中文为第二语言的教学。从理论依据来说,“苏格拉底圈”作为众多讨论式教学方法中的一种,充分体现了任务性教学模式的特征并浸润在任务型教学模式的理念中。这种方法秉持系统功能语言学的语言学基础,通过引用真实的语言材料和借助任务来创设接近自然的语言习得环境体现了对系统功能语言学语境、语篇理论的关注,其目的在于使学习者体验,进而掌握语言的动态使用。从学习论的角度看,这种方法强调人是学习活动的主体,重视学习者的情感、需求、价值观、自我实现对学习的促进作用,重视通过有目的的活动、交流沟通、合作学习、问题解决等使学习者相互取长补短。这种方法贯彻了活动教学的教学论,以在教学过程中建构具有教育性、创造性、实践性、操作性的学生主体活动为主要形式,以鼓励学生主动参与、主动探索、主动思考、主动实践为基本特征,以实现学生多方面能力综合发展为核心,以促进学生整体素质全面提高为目的。 “苏格拉底圈”的运作模式是:协助学生开展对话,在原有的生活和学习经验的基础上认知、学习新的知识,并在新环境中加以使用。通过创建假设,在研读文本、讨论文本的过程中,通过讨论不断挑战自己原有的理解,生成新的理解和概念。“苏格拉底圈”的要素包括讨论主体(学生,教师,以及主体之间的互动关系)、讨论对象(文本、讨论问题、讨论目标)、讨论场景(讨论时间、课堂讨论气氛、教室环境及学生座位安排等)。这些要素的既有情况、可能的预先设定和开展过程中彼此之间的互动关系,决定了教学工作开展的效果。从实际运作可能性来看,国际学校学生思维活跃、互动性强、较为独立的特点,国际学校具有多元文化的特性,教程选择、教学方法自由度较高,因此,“苏格拉底圈”的讨论式教学法有实施的充分可能性,并且较为符合教育对象的特点。从实践结果来看,学生在阅读、口头表达和写作等语言能力上有了有效提高,同时,批判性思维能力、创造力、倾听和反思的学习能力也有了相应提高。不仅如此,学生的团队合作精神、解决争议的能力等社交能力也得到了很好的发展。
[Abstract]:The International School of foreign language classroom reading teaching as a relatively new field of study and practice, few teaching methods can refer to practice. For a large number of near native students the language background of international school, discusses the language teaching in the "circle of Socrates" discussion in the second language classroom teaching the feasibility, effectiveness, which not only the traditional teaching method of Chinese language.
Now, with students as the center to discuss the reading teaching method for language teaching, has been proved its validity. This, "Socrates circle" is a kind of effective method. The mechanism of this method is to communicative ability as the guidance, through participating in and completing the task to achieve language promotion.
The communicative competence oriented "Socratic circle" is also applicable to the teaching of Chinese in the second language in international schools.
From the theoretical basis, "Socrates circle" as one of many discussion teaching methods, fully embodies the characteristics of the task of teaching and infiltration in the task-based teaching mode concept. This method with linguistic basis of systemic functional linguistics, by introducing and using task to create similar to natural language acquisition environment reflected the systemic functional linguistics context with authentic language materials, discourse theory, the purpose is to make learners experience, then grasp the dynamic use of language. From the perspective of learning theory, the method of human is the principal part of the learning activities, pay attention to the learner's emotional needs, values, self realization to facilitate the learning, attention through purposeful activities, communication, cooperative learning, problem solving and enable the learners to learn from each other. This method implements the teaching activities In order to construct the teaching theory in the teaching process of educational, creative, practical, the operation of the main activities of the students as the main form, to encourage students' active participation, active exploration, active thinking, active practice is the basic characteristic, achieve the capacity of integrated development as the core to the students, in order to promote comprehensively improve the overall quality of students for the purpose.
Operation mode of the "Socrates circle" is to assist students to conduct dialogue and cognition based on the original life and learning experience, learning new knowledge, and use them in a new environment. Through the creation hypothesis, in the process of reading the text, the text of the discussion, through discussion and constantly challenge their own original understanding of the new generation the understanding and concept. "Socrates elements circle" including a discussion of the subject (students, interaction between teachers, as well as the main object of discussion (text), discussion questions, discussion, scene (target) to discuss the discussion, classroom atmosphere, classroom environment and student seating arrangements). Both of these elements may, preset and interactive relationship between each other in the development process, determines the teaching work.
From the actual operation possibility, international school students active thinking, strong interactive features, more independent, international schools with characteristics, multicultural course selection, teaching methods of higher degree of freedom, therefore, "teaching method of discussion Socrates circle" has the full implementation of the possibility, and more in line with the characteristics of education from the object. The practice result, students in reading, have effectively improved, verbal and written language skills, critical thinking ability, creativity, listen to and reflect on the learning ability has been improved. Moreover, the students' team spirit, ability to solve disputes and other social ability has also been a very good development.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H195

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