判断句中“是”和“be”的认知对比研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 01:34

本文选题：认知　切入点：突显　出处：《宁波大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 自20世纪80年代以来,认知语言学在语言研究领域的重要性和影响力逐步增大。认知语言学作为一门新兴的语言学流派,源于当代跨学科的认知科学,是认知科学与语言学相结合的产物,是迄今为止最具创新精神的、引人入胜的语言学流派之一。认知语言学以体验哲学为理论基础,主要阐述了人们对世界的感知体验,以及在此基础上形成的语言使用必须参照心智活动的原则。由此,它为研究者提供了新的视角,在语音、句法、语义等许多领域发挥了重要作用。很多语言学家认为,认知视角比其他传统方法在研究语言问题方面有独特的优势,可以将语言现象和语言使用者的心理因素相结合,从而揭示语言现象背后的心理现实。本文进行的是英汉判断句中“是”与“be”的认知对比研究。石毓智(2005)认为“是”在判断句中为判断词,连接主语和宾语。本文沿用了这一分类方式,并将其扩展到“be”的分类。我们运用认知语言学中的突显原则作为对比理论基础,认为判断句中的主语和宾语分别对应于认知域中的射体和界标。本文的创新点在于提出了两个新的概念:多项对等和单项对等。多项对等是指判断句中由判断词连接的主语和宾语在语义性质上是一致的,如果主语表事物,宾语也表事物,如果主语表动作,宾语亦然;单项对等是指判断句中主语和宾语在语义性质上不一致,主语表事物,而宾语可能是其性质,成份,或位置。在这些表面语言现象下的是认知上的差异。在多项对等判断句中,判断词能够以宾语的多个特征为参照突显主语的多个特征;而单项对等判断句中,判断词以宾语的单个特征为参照突显主语的单个特征。本文提出一个假设即汉语更偏重于多项对等而英语更偏重于单项对等,并使用了语料库研究证实了该假设。本文所要解决的两个主要问题为: 1.在已有研究的基础上总结出英汉判断句中的多项对等和单项对等句型。 2.探讨多项对等和单项对等背后的认知差异,并探究其背后中西方文化与思维的差异。本文的结构为: 第一章:简介。介绍了以往对于该课题的相关研究,并指出其局限性。提出了本文的研究方法,研究任务和研究意义。第二章:认知语言学简介。简单回顾了认知语言学的相关理论和概念。介绍了与本文有关的突显原则,及其中的射体,界标,突显等概念。第三章:汉语判断句中的“是”。解释了关于判断和多项对等,单项对等的概念。查阅相关参考书中对“是”的解释。对“是”的发展历史做了一个简要回顾。最后在已有研究的基础上对汉语判断句中单项对等和多项对等的句型进行了分类。第四章:英语判断句中的“be”。查阅相关参考书中“be”的用法与解释。简单回顾了“be”在英语中的历史。在已有研究的基础上对英语判断句中单项对等和多项对等句型进行了分类。最后提出了我们的假设,即汉语偏重于多项对等而英语偏重于单项对等,并用语料库研究进行证明。第五章:“是”和“be”的认知对比研究。探讨了单项对等和多项对等背后的认知差异,并设计了一个认知模型以更好的解释这种差异。最后从中西方文化与思维的大背景出发探讨了这种认知差异的根源。第六章:总结。对本文的研究进行了总结,指出了局限性并展望了未来的进一步研究。通过本文的研究,我们初步了解了“是”和“be”在判断句中的认知机制上的差异。这对于英语教学、对外汉语教学及翻译工作都有积极的意义。
[Abstract]:Since 1980s, the importance and influence of cognitive linguistics in the field of language research increases gradually. Cognitive linguistics as a new linguistic schools, due to the contemporary cognitive science disciplines, is a product of the combination of linguistics and cognitive science, is by far the most innovative, one of the fascinating schools of linguistics. Cognitive linguistics with the experience of philosophy as the theoretical basis, mainly expounds the experience of people's perception of the world, the use of mental activity must refer to the principle of formation and on the basis of the language. Thus, the researchers provide a new perspective in phonetics, syntax, semantics and so many areas play an important role. Many linguists believe that cognitive from the perspective of other than the traditional method in the study of language problem has unique advantages, can be language users' mental factors combination, So as to reveal the psychological reality behind the language phenomenon.
This paper is a cognitive contrastive study of English and Chinese sentences "is" and "be". Shi Yuzhi (2005) think "yes" in sentences for judging word, connecting the subject and object. In this paper the classification used, which is extended to the classification of be. We use the principle of prominence in cognitive linguistics as the theoretical basis of comparative sentences, that the subject and object corresponding to the cognitive domain of the trajector and landmark. The innovation of this paper is to put forward two new concepts: a number of equivalence and equivalence. A number of individual equivalence refers to word connecting the subject and object of the sentence by sentence the semantic nature is the same, if the subject form things, you can also form things, if the subject moves the object table, vice versa; individual equivalence refers to the judgment of the subject and the object in the sentence semantic properties are inconsistent, the subject and object form things, may be its nature , ingredients, or location. In the surface language phenomenon is cognitive differences. In a number of equivalent sentences, words can judge multiple features for object with multiple features refer to highlight the subject; while the individual equivalence judgment sentence, judge the word to a single feature object for reference to highlight the subject a single feature. This paper puts forward a hypothesis that more emphasis on a number of Chinese and English is more emphasis on the individual peer peer, and use a corpus study confirmed this hypothesis.
The two main problems to be solved in this article are as follows:
1. on the basis of the existing research, we have summed up multiple equivalence and single peer sentence patterns in English and Chinese judgment sentences.
2. explore the cognitive differences behind multiple equivalence and unilateral equivalence, and explore the differences between Chinese and Western cultures and thinking.
The structure of this article is as follows:
The first chapter is brief introduction. It introduces the previous research on the subject, and points out its limitations, and puts forward the research method, the research task and the significance of the research.
The second chapter: introduction. Cognitive linguistics reviews the related theories of cognitive linguistics and concepts. This paper introduces the principle of salience associated with this article, and the trajector, landmark, salience.
The third chapter: Chinese sentence in "yes." explains about the judgment and a number of individual equivalence, the concept of equivalence. Refer to the interpretation of the "yes" reference books. Make a brief review of the development of "history". The final classification of Chinese sentences, and a number of individual equivalence the sentence on the basis of the previous research.
The fourth chapter: English sentences "be" refer to the relevant reference books. The use of "be" in the simple review and interpretation. "Be" in English history. On the basis of the existing research the classification of English sentences, and a number of individual equivalence patterns. Finally put forward the equivalence of our the Chinese emphasis on a number of assumptions, and emphasis on the individual English peer peer, and corpus research is proved.
The fifth chapter: a contrastive study of "is" and "be". To explore the cognitive differences between single and multiple peer peer behind, and designs a cognitive model to explain the difference better. Finally from the background of western culture and thinking was discussed based on the source of the cognitive differences.
The sixth chapter: summary. This paper summarizes the research, points out the limitations and looks forward to further research in the future.
Through the research in this paper, we preliminarily understand the cognitive mechanism differences between "yes" and "be" in judging sentences. This is of positive significance for English teaching, teaching Chinese as a foreign language and translation.

【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H14;H314

【参考文献】