汉语文教学与索绪尔的贡献和局限

发布时间：2018-04-13 14:19

本文选题：索绪尔 + 汉语文教学　；参考：《汉字文化》1993年03期

【摘要】：中国和世界的语言学家,谈到“语言学之父”索绪尔为建立普通语言学所作的贡献时,一般只是谈到他提出了语言是一个系统,提出了能指和所指、言语和语言、共时和历时、组合和聚合四对概念的意义,而对他之所以能提出上述四对概念的最根本原因——吸取当时瑞士正统经济学派华尔拉斯等人的影响,运用对研究价值科学所必须采取的辩证手段,揭示出语言内在二重性的最重要、最宝贵、最伟大的贡献,却很少论及。因而,普通语言学虽然也经历了不同的历史发展阶段,但始终没有沿着索绪尔开创的道路,继续作出开创性的贡献。也正因为如此,索绪尔的后继者们也就不可能深刻认识索绪尔在运用经济学和辩证法方面的局限性——只是表面地、片面地从经济学的“劳动”与“工资”的关系,提出了语言学的“能指”和“所指”关系,于是对普通语言学、普通文字学,特别是对汉字汉语研究和汉语文教学科学体系的建立与发展(包括对外汉语教学)形成了障碍和危害。所以,破除迷信,解放思想,实事求是地认识索绪尔真正伟大的贡献,认识他不可避免的历史局限性及其对汉语文教学的影响,实在是建立与发展科学的汉语文教学体系的当务之急。
[Abstract]:Chinese and world linguist who talked about the contribution of Saussure, the "father of linguistics", to the establishment of general linguistics, generally speaking only of his idea that language is a system, that it is signifier and signifier, speech and language, synchronic and diachronic.The significance of combining and aggregating four pairs of concepts, and the most fundamental reason why he was able to put forward the four pairs of concepts-drawing on the influence of the Swiss orthodox school of economics, Walter Lars, and others at the time,By using the dialectical means necessary to study the science of value, it reveals the most important, most valuable and greatest contribution of the inherent duality of language, but it is seldom discussed.Therefore, although general linguistics has undergone different stages of historical development, it has never continued to make pioneering contributions along the path initiated by Saussure.It is because of this that Saussure's successors are unlikely to have a profound understanding of Saussure's limitations in the application of economics and dialectics-only superficially and unilaterally from the relationship between "labor" and "wages" in economics.The relationship between "signifier" and "signified" in linguistics is put forward, so for general linguistics, general philology,Especially, the establishment and development of the scientific system of Chinese character study and Chinese language teaching (including teaching Chinese as a foreign language) has become a hindrance and harm.Therefore, we should break down superstition, emancipate our minds, and realistically understand Saussure's true great contributions, his inevitable historical limitations and their influence on the teaching of Chinese.It is an urgent task to establish and develop a scientific Chinese language teaching system.

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