现代汉语“现在”类时间词研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 22:14

本文选题：“现在”类时间词 + 时点和时段　；参考：《北京语言大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 时间词研究一直是语言学研究中的基本课题之一。关于汉语时间词,前人时贤已从范围、归类、句法功能、语义等角度做过不少研究,但是针对某个义类范畴的具体的研究并不多。本文从“现在”义范畴出发,对现代汉语“现在”类时间词进行专门的研究。现代汉语“现在”类时间词成员众多,本文以《中国汉语水平考试大纲(高等)》为依据,集中考察《大纲》中收的“现在、如今、眼前、眼下、目前、当前”6个“现在”类时间词。“现在”类时间词成员之间的意义和用法比较相似,工具书对它们的解释也大同小异,因此第二语言学习者在学习和使用这些词语时容易混淆。本文旨在理清“现在”类时间词之间的异同,为对外汉语教学和汉语本体研究提供参考。本文分为四个部分。第一部分,绪论,主要介绍选题意义、研究对象、相关研究现状、研究方法和语料来源等。第二部分为“现在”类时间词的语义特征。我们从时点和时段、语义所指的相对性、构词方式、内部成员之间的语义差异四个角度考察了“现在”类时间词的语义特征。第三部分是“现在”类时间词的句法功能考察。传统语法对时间词句法功能的研究仅限于宏观方面,本文对“现在”类时间词充当的句法功能所具有的特点做了详细的考察。第四部分考察了“现在”类时间词对共现成分的选择,详细描写和分析了“现在”类时间词对与其共现的时间词语、时间副词、介词的选择。本文以描写为主,从语义、句法分布、共现成分等方面考察“现在”类时间词成员间的共性和个性,其中贯穿了比较、定量分析等研究方法。 “现在”类时间词表示动作或状态与说话或写作时间共时,“现在”意义的特殊性使得“现在”类时间词分布上具有自己的特点。“现在”类时间词虽然都表示动作或状态与说话或写作时间共时,但是其内部成员之间也具有差异性。“现在”类时间词成员之间的共性和个性主要表现在:意义方面,“现在”类时间词属于时点时间词,它们都表示以说话或写作时间为基点或长或短的一段时间,其内部成员之间在意义、语体特征、使用环境上都有差异;句法功能方面,“现在”类时间词的句法功能与一般时间名词基本一致,但也表现出许多特点;对共现成分的选择方面,“现在”类时间词对时间词语、时间副词、介词有一定的选择性。
[Abstract]:The study of temporal words has always been one of the basic topics in linguistic research. About Chinese time words, former scholars Shi Xian have done a lot of research from the angles of scope, classification, syntactic function and semantics, but there are not many specific studies on a certain category. Starting from the category of "present", this paper makes a special study on the "present" type of time words in modern Chinese. There are many members of the "present" category of time words in modern Chinese. This paper, based on the outline of the Chinese proficiency Test (Senior), focuses on the "present, present, present, present, present, present," Current "6" present class time words. The meaning and usage of "present" time words are similar, and their interpretations are similar in reference books, so it is easy to confuse the second language learners in learning and using these words. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the similarities and differences between "present" time words, and to provide reference for the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language and the study of Chinese ontology. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part, introduction, mainly introduces the significance of the topic, the research object, the related research status, the research methods and the source of the corpus. The second part is the semantic features of "present" time words. We examine the semantic characteristics of "present" time words from four angles: the time point and time period, the relativity of semantic meaning, the way of word formation, and the semantic difference among the members. The third part is the syntactic function of "present" time words. The study of temporal lexical functions in traditional grammar is limited to macroscopic aspects. This paper makes a detailed study on the features of the syntactic functions of "present" temporal words. In the fourth part, the author studies the choice of co-occurrence components of "present" type time words, and describes and analyzes in detail the time words, time adverbs and prepositions of "present" type time words. This paper mainly focuses on description and studies the commonness and individuality of the members of "present" time words from the aspects of semantics, syntactic distribution, co-occurrence and so on, which run through the research methods of comparison and quantitative analysis. The "present" temporal words indicate that the action or state is synchronic with the speaking or writing time. The particularity of the "present" meaning makes the "present" temporal words have their own characteristics in the distribution. Although the "present" time words indicate that the action or state is synchronic with the speaking or writing time, there are also differences among its members. The commonness and individuality among the members of "present" time words are mainly manifested in the following aspects: meaning, "present" time words belong to time-point words, they all mean a period of time based on speaking or writing time or long or short time. In terms of syntactic function, the syntactic function of "present" temporal words is basically consistent with that of general temporal nouns, but it also shows many characteristics. In the selection of co-occurrence components, "present" time words have certain selectivity to time words, time adverbs and prepositions.
【学位授予单位】：北京语言大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】