汉语委婉语及委婉表达与对外汉语教学

发布时间：2018-07-15 17:39

【摘要】： 能否掌握运用汉语委婉语及委婉表达是提高留学生汉语交际能力的重要方面,因而本文比较系统地研究委婉语与对外汉语教学这一空白领域。首先,在我们系统考察的二十六本中级和高级教材中,共找到132条委婉语,将其分为四类:死亡、社会交际、生理和性爱。四类委婉语中社会交际类的最多,占二分之一以上,性爱类最少,死亡类和生理类大致相当,各占20%左右。经过对比分析,上述教材中出现的委婉语在《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》中,竟然没有出现一条。而在《对外汉语教学中高级阶段功能大纲》(1999)中明确标明“委婉”的仅有三条词条,而其中没有一条进入教材。这充分说明了当今对外汉语教材和教学大纲中均忽视委婉语及委婉表达的现状。第二,我们通过问卷调查,分析了留学生委婉语及委婉表达的掌握情况,总结了出现的偏误类型及成因,指出留学生在汉语的委婉语和委婉表达死亡类方面最有待提高。我们的调查数据可以为今后汉语教材的编写提供依据,也可以为教师的词汇及语用教学提供指导,并对为学生习得委婉语及得体表达提供些许有益的参考。第三,提出在对外汉语教学中如何加强委婉语及委婉表达的教学,在对外汉语教材和教师两方面给出一些拙浅的建议。
[Abstract]:Whether we can master the use of Chinese euphemism and euphemism is an important aspect to improve the foreign students' Chinese communicative competence, so this paper systematically studies the blank field of euphemism and teaching Chinese as a foreign language. First of all, in 26 intermediate and advanced textbooks, we find 132 euphemisms and divide them into four categories: death, social communication, physiology and sex. Among the four types of euphemism, social communication is the most, accounting for more than 1/2, sex is the least, death and physiology are about the same, each accounting for about 20%. By comparison and analysis, the euphemism in the above mentioned textbooks has not appeared in the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters. In 1999, only three entries of euphemism were clearly marked, and none of them entered the teaching material. This fully shows that euphemism and euphemism are ignored in textbooks and syllabuses of Chinese as a foreign language. Secondly, we analyze the foreign students' knowledge of euphemism and euphemism by questionnaire, summarize the types and causes of errors, and point out that the foreign students need to improve their euphemism and euphemism in death. Our survey data can provide the basis for the compilation of Chinese textbooks in the future, as well as the guidance for teachers' vocabulary and pragmatic teaching, and provide some useful reference for students to acquire euphemism and appropriate expression. Thirdly, it puts forward how to strengthen the teaching of euphemism and euphemism in teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：北京语言大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H195

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