古代日本的中国语教育史研究

发布时间：2018-07-23 13:15

【摘要】： 日本古时有移植中国文化的历史,中国语言文字的诸多要素留存于日语中。但日本的中国语教育究竟是如何发生、在漫长的历史中又是如何发展变化的,鲜为人知。目前,中日学者们的研究多集中于近代日本中国语教育史,古代日本中国语教育史研究则处于空白。笔者将从古籍中找寻线索,探寻古代日本中国语教学的发展变化。考古成果与历史资料都说明从7000年前开始就可能有少数中国大陆居民进入日本列岛。至公元前五世纪,中国大陆与朝鲜半岛的居民因战争、苛政大量地涌入日本列岛,使日本社会发生了飞跃式的变化。这种变化是不同民族的人杂居时,强势民族对弱势民族的文化输入造成的,其间必然伴有语言的传播。公元5世纪,真正意义上的中国语教学出现于日本的宫廷之中,服务于汉学教育,开启了中国语附属于汉学的历史。公元7世纪时,中国语教育走进大学寮,中国语教学虽附属于汉学教育,却也有自身的发展空间,汉字、阅读、语音、写作教学无一偏废。随着十世纪的到来,中日往来高潮退去,日本假名系统成熟,中国语语音教学废弛,日语训读汉字的历史开始。十二世纪末大学寮废止,其后的四个世纪,中国语教学在社会上以多种途径进行。寺院教育给予平民子弟接受教育的机会;足利学校是培养汉学教师的基地;五山禅僧也是中国语教学的重要力量。这时的中国语教学渐渐普及,但在教学内容上却只限于汉字教学及以阅读经籍为主的汉学教育了。 17世纪始,中国语教育主要沿着两个方向发展。一是附属于汉学的传统中国语教育;一是专门的中国语教学,即唐话教学。唐通事的出现使中国语教学从汉学中独立出来,在教学方法、教材等方面都呈现出独特的样态。古代日本中国语教学的发展是因时代的不同需要而蜿蜒变化的。我国目前对外汉语事业、汉语国际推广事业蒸蒸日上,同时也应密切关注世界形势变化,学习者需要的变化以及时调整战略,使汉语教学事业顺利发展。
[Abstract]:Japan has a history of transplanting Chinese culture in ancient times, and many elements of Chinese characters are preserved in Japanese. But how the Chinese language education in Japan took place, and how it developed and changed in the long history, is not well known. At present, Chinese and Japanese scholars mostly focus on the history of Chinese language education in modern Japan, but the research on the history of Chinese language education in ancient Japan is still blank. The author will look for clues from ancient books to explore the development and changes of Chinese language teaching in ancient Japan. Archaeological and historical data suggest that a small number of mainland Chinese may have entered the Japanese archipelago since 7000 years ago. By the fifth century BC, the inhabitants of the Chinese mainland and the Korean Peninsula had been invaded by the Japanese archipelago because of the war, and the Japanese society had changed by leaps and bounds. This kind of change is caused by the cultural input of the strong nation to the weak nation when the people of different nationalities live in the same place, and the communication of language is inevitable. In the 5th century AD, the real Chinese language teaching appeared in the court of Japan, served the Sinology education, and opened the history of the Chinese language attached to Sinology. In the 7th century AD, Chinese language education entered the university liao. Although Chinese language teaching was attached to Sinology education, it also had its own developing space. The teaching of Chinese characters, reading, pronunciation and writing was not neglected. With the arrival of the tenth century, the high tide of Sino-Japanese exchanges receded, the Japanese pseudonym system matured, the Chinese phonetic teaching was abandoned, and the history of Japanese training and reading of Chinese characters began. At the end of the twelfth century, the university was abolished, and in the following four centuries, the teaching of Chinese language was conducted in various ways. The monastery education gives the common children the opportunity to receive the education; the Fuli school is the base for training the teachers of Sinology; the monk of the five mountains Zen is also an important force in the teaching of Chinese language. At this time, the Chinese language teaching was gradually popularized, but the teaching content was limited to the teaching of Chinese characters and the Sinology education, which focused on reading the classics. At the beginning of the 17th century, the Chinese language education developed mainly in two directions. One is the traditional Chinese language education attached to Sinology, the other is the special Chinese language teaching, that is, Tang dialect teaching. The appearance of Tang Tong made Chinese language teaching independent from Sinology, and showed a unique pattern in teaching methods, teaching materials and so on. The development of Chinese language teaching in ancient Japan has changed according to the different needs of the times. At present, the cause of Chinese as a foreign language in China and the international promotion of Chinese language are flourishing. At the same time, we should pay close attention to the changes of the world situation and the changes required by learners in order to adjust the strategy in time and make the Chinese teaching career develop smoothly.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H195

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