英语为母语的留学生语气词“呢”的习得研究
发布时间：2018-08-14 16:50
【摘要】：虚词是意义比较空灵,不能够充当句子基干成分的词,虚词的数量不多,但是却有着非常重要的作用,而语气词作为虚词的一个重要分类,更是现代汉语中不可或缺的一部分。正确使用语气词可以让句子形成不同的语义表达,“呢”是使用频率相对较高,并且意义比较复杂的一个语气词,因而也是语气词教学中的一个重要部分。但是从学者们已有的研究成果看,我们不难发现,大多数学者的研究重点都放在语气词的整体研究上,而对于“呢”的个体研究还不够细致,因此这就需要我们通过对语气词“呢”的不断学习和研究,对它进行更细致的分析。由于在英语中,通常是依靠语调和语序来表达句子的语气,因而在英语中几乎没有使用语气词的情况,因此本文的研究对象将选取以英语为母语的留学生,对他们进行问卷调查,分析总结留学生对于语气词“呢”在不同句类中的使用情况,并通过考察语气词“呢”在调查问卷中出现的偏误,分析留学生在该用“呢”而没有用“呢”,不该用“呢”却用了“呢”这两种情况时,容易出现偏误的原因,进而总结一些相关的教学策略,并据此对语气词“呢”进行实际的教学设计,希望能为语气词“呢”的对外汉语教学提供一定的借鉴意义。全文共分为五个部分:第一章,绪论。绪论部分主要介绍了论文的选题动机以及写作意义,并详细阐述了本文的研究方法,最后对语气词“呢”已有的研究进行了归纳总结。第二章,语气词“呢”的意义和习得情况分析。这一部分笔者首先通过总结前人对语气词“呢”意义的研究成果后,通过对比分析有无语气词“呢”的情况,分 .析了语气词“呢”最主要的语气意义是表示强调兼提请注意。同时,笔者通过对语料库的分析发现,不管是留学生还是本族人,对于语气词“呢”在疑问句末的使用频率相对较高,而在感叹句末的使用频率则大大低于疑问句末的使用频率。结合问卷调查的数据分析,我们也得出了相同的结果,即留学生对于疑问句末语气词“呢”的掌握最为熟练,而感叹句末语气词“呢”则常常容易被省略或被误用为其他的语气词,进而详细的分析了留学生在语气词“呢”的运用过程中容易出现的偏误现象,并对其偏误进行了分类。第三章,语气词“呢”的偏误原因分析。本章总结了留学生在学习语气词“呢”时容易出现偏误的原因。偏误出现的原因主要分为外因和内因,从外部原因来看,主要包括教材的编写、教师的教学方法、语言环境的创造等,而从内部原因看,主要包括母语负迁移,学习心态以及学习策略等原因。第四章,语气词“呢”的教学策略。这一章的内容主要根据学生出现的偏误,针对性的从教材的编写和教师的教学方法,以及学生的学习方法等三个方面提出了相应的教学策略,总结出在教材的编写过程中应该注意教材对语气词“呢”的语法解释,练习应该具有针对性,应该提高语气词“呢”在不同句类中的复现率等。在教师教学方法方面,教师可以多运用对比教学法,使用轻松活泼的课堂语言,设计多样的课堂活动等。在学生学习方法方面,首先学生应该调整自己的学习态度,并充分利用身边的通讯资源等。第五章,语气词“呢”的教学设计。本章主要是根据对问卷调查的分析,以及偏误原因的分析和教学策略的提出,从而将其用于课堂实践中,对语气词“呢”进行详细的教学设计,由于初级阶段,学生对语气词“呢”的掌握情况能为后一阶段的学习奠定一定的基础,因而教学设计选取杨寄洲主编的《发展汉语之综合教程》为教材,从中选择课文进行教学设计。教学设计主要包括教学设计的目的、教学的内容和对象、以及具体实施的教学步骤。
[Abstract]:Functional words are words with relatively empty meanings and can not serve as the backbone of a sentence. The number of functional words is small, but they play a very important role. Modal words, as an important classification of functional words, are an indispensable part of modern Chinese. It is also an important part of the teaching of modal words because of its relatively high frequency and complicated meaning. However, from the existing research results of scholars, it is not difficult to find that most of the scholars focus on the overall study of modal words, while the individual study of "nao" is not detailed enough. This requires us to make a more detailed analysis of the modal word "la" through the continuous study and study of it. Because in English, usually rely on intonation and word order to express the mood of the sentence, so there is hardly any use of the modal word in English, so the object of this study will be English-speaking foreign students. By investigating the errors of the modal word "la" in the questionnaires, it is easy for foreign students to use "la" instead of "la" or "la" instead of "la" in the questionnaires. The paper is divided into five parts: Chapter 1, Introduction. The introduction mainly introduces the motivation of choosing the topic and the writing of the thesis. In the second chapter, the meaning and acquisition of the modal word "nao" are analyzed. In this part, the author first summarizes the predecessors'research results on the meaning of the modal word "nao", and then makes a comparative analysis of the modal word "nao". Meanwhile, through the corpus analysis, the author finds that the frequency of the use of the modal word "la" at the end of interrogative sentences is relatively high for both foreign students and native speakers, while the frequency of use at the end of exclamatory sentences is much lower than that at the end of interrogative sentences. According to the data analysis of the questionnaire, we also get the same result, that is, the foreign students are most proficient in mastering the modal word "niao" at the end of the interrogative sentence, while the modal word "niao" at the end of the exclamatory sentence is often omitted or misused as other modal words, and then analyze the modal word "niao" in detail. In the third chapter, the reasons for the errors of the modal word "nao" are analyzed. This chapter summarizes the reasons for the errors of the foreign students in learning the modal word "nao". The causes of the errors are mainly divided into external and internal causes, mainly including external causes. The compilation of textbooks, teachers'teaching methods, the creation of language environment, and from the internal reasons, mainly including negative transfer of mother tongue, learning mentality and learning strategies. In the process of compiling the textbook, we should pay attention to the grammatical interpretation of the modal word "la". The exercises should be targeted and the recurrence rate of the modal word "la" in different sentence categories should be improved. In the aspect of students'learning methods, first of all, students should adjust their learning attitudes and make full use of the communication resources around them. Chapter 5, the teaching design of the modal word "nah". This chapter is mainly based on the analysis of the questionnaire survey. And the analysis of the causes of the errors and the suggestion of the teaching strategies are put forward so as to apply them to the classroom practice and make a detailed teaching design of the modal word "nao". Because the students'mastery of the modal word "nao" in the primary stage can lay a certain foundation for the later stage of learning, the teaching design chooses "developing Han" edited by Yang Jizhou. The teaching design mainly includes the purpose of teaching design, the content and object of teaching, and the concrete teaching steps.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3
本文编号：2183500
[Abstract]:Functional words are words with relatively empty meanings and can not serve as the backbone of a sentence. The number of functional words is small, but they play a very important role. Modal words, as an important classification of functional words, are an indispensable part of modern Chinese. It is also an important part of the teaching of modal words because of its relatively high frequency and complicated meaning. However, from the existing research results of scholars, it is not difficult to find that most of the scholars focus on the overall study of modal words, while the individual study of "nao" is not detailed enough. This requires us to make a more detailed analysis of the modal word "la" through the continuous study and study of it. Because in English, usually rely on intonation and word order to express the mood of the sentence, so there is hardly any use of the modal word in English, so the object of this study will be English-speaking foreign students. By investigating the errors of the modal word "la" in the questionnaires, it is easy for foreign students to use "la" instead of "la" or "la" instead of "la" in the questionnaires. The paper is divided into five parts: Chapter 1, Introduction. The introduction mainly introduces the motivation of choosing the topic and the writing of the thesis. In the second chapter, the meaning and acquisition of the modal word "nao" are analyzed. In this part, the author first summarizes the predecessors'research results on the meaning of the modal word "nao", and then makes a comparative analysis of the modal word "nao". Meanwhile, through the corpus analysis, the author finds that the frequency of the use of the modal word "la" at the end of interrogative sentences is relatively high for both foreign students and native speakers, while the frequency of use at the end of exclamatory sentences is much lower than that at the end of interrogative sentences. According to the data analysis of the questionnaire, we also get the same result, that is, the foreign students are most proficient in mastering the modal word "niao" at the end of the interrogative sentence, while the modal word "niao" at the end of the exclamatory sentence is often omitted or misused as other modal words, and then analyze the modal word "niao" in detail. In the third chapter, the reasons for the errors of the modal word "nao" are analyzed. This chapter summarizes the reasons for the errors of the foreign students in learning the modal word "nao". The causes of the errors are mainly divided into external and internal causes, mainly including external causes. The compilation of textbooks, teachers'teaching methods, the creation of language environment, and from the internal reasons, mainly including negative transfer of mother tongue, learning mentality and learning strategies. In the process of compiling the textbook, we should pay attention to the grammatical interpretation of the modal word "la". The exercises should be targeted and the recurrence rate of the modal word "la" in different sentence categories should be improved. In the aspect of students'learning methods, first of all, students should adjust their learning attitudes and make full use of the communication resources around them. Chapter 5, the teaching design of the modal word "nah". This chapter is mainly based on the analysis of the questionnaire survey. And the analysis of the causes of the errors and the suggestion of the teaching strategies are put forward so as to apply them to the classroom practice and make a detailed teaching design of the modal word "nao". Because the students'mastery of the modal word "nao" in the primary stage can lay a certain foundation for the later stage of learning, the teaching design chooses "developing Han" edited by Yang Jizhou. The teaching design mainly includes the purpose of teaching design, the content and object of teaching, and the concrete teaching steps.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3
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