现代汉语疑问代词“什么”的否定量化语义研究
发布时间：2018-09-04 05:49
【摘要】： “什么”是现代汉语疑问代词的一个典型代表,除了可以出现在疑问句中,还可以出现在非疑问句中,其疑问用法和非疑问用法的语义都很有代表性,多位学者也对其进行了大量研究。但是,对其在否定句中的语义却缺少专门性的研究。 本文立足于国内词汇学、句法学等关于现代汉语疑问代词的研究,采用当代形式语义学的理论和方法,借鉴国外语言学对其他语言中疑问代词研究的最新成果,并且结合当代汉语流通语料库中得出的相关数据,对现代汉语疑问代词“什么”在否定句中的语义进行了深入细致的描写和充分的分析。 本文主要包括以下内容: 第一章,提出了本文所要讨论的基本问题,并且提出本文对“什么”在否定句中的语义研究主要集中于表达上有歧义的“没/不+VP+什么+NP”结构、和受“都、也”等副词限定的“什么+NP+都/也+不/没+VP”结构; 第二章,文献综述,回顾和总结了国内外对现代汉语疑问代词否定用法语义的相关研究成果,为后面的深入分析奠定了理论基础; 第三章,分析了现有的汉语理论中“任指”、“虚指”等说法在解释疑问代词否定用法语义上的局限性,并在此基础上提出了“否定量化”这个全新概念和研究角度,认为疑问代词本质上隐含一个量化的概念,正是由于“什么”在量化上的不同导致了整个句子或结构表示部分否定和完全否定的不同; 第四章,具体研究“没/不+VP+什么+NP”结构表示部分否定时的语义机制,指出整个句子表示部分否定时并非是通过直接否定疑问代词“什么”得到的,而是通过一种类似于否定敏感项(NPI:negative polarity items,或译作否定极项)的语义和否定不对称性机制得来的;为了更好的进行分析,本文还引入了否定敏感项的相关语义研究。 第五章具体分析了“没/不+VP+什么+NP”结构表示完全否定时,“什么”实际上做疑问解语义解释,等同于全部量化,通过否定“什么”,直接达到了使整个结构或句子表示完全否定的语义效果,并且借助“可能世界”理论进行了深入分析; 第六章承接上一章的研究思路,对“什么+NP+都/也+不/没+VP”结构的语义,尤其是“什么”与表示周遍性的副词“都”和“也”之间的相互作用进行了讨论; 第七章是总结和余论,在对全文进行了总结的基础上,我们尝试把“什么”的研究结果扩展到“谁”、“哪”等其他疑问代词上,并提出了今后进一步深入研究的方向。 本文的研究意义在于: 1.有助于加强对现代汉语疑问代词语义的理性认识; 2.为中文信息处理等相关应用的提供了理论支持; 3.为对外汉语教学,尤其是疑问代词的语义、用法等方面提供了理论帮助; 4.为语言类型学,尤其是跨语言疑问代词语义的共性研究提供了参考。
[Abstract]:"what" is a typical representative of interrogative pronouns in modern Chinese, not only in interrogative sentences, but also in non-interrogative sentences. The semantics of interrogative usages and non-interrogative usages are very representative. Many scholars have also done a lot of research on it. However, there is a lack of specific research on its semantics in negative sentences. Based on the researches on interrogative pronouns in modern Chinese such as lexicology and syntax, this paper adopts the theories and methods of contemporary formal semantics and draws lessons from the latest achievements of foreign linguistics in the study of interrogative pronouns in other languages. Combined with the relevant data obtained from the contemporary Chinese circulation corpus, the semantics of the interrogative pronoun "what" in the negative sentence in modern Chinese is described and fully analyzed. This paper mainly includes the following contents: in the first chapter, the basic problems discussed in this paper are put forward. And it is proposed that the semantic study of "what" in the negative sentence is mainly focused on the "no / no VP what NP" structure which is ambiguous in expression, The second chapter, literature review, reviews and summarizes the relevant research results on the negative semantic usage of interrogative pronouns in modern Chinese, both at home and abroad. The third chapter analyzes the limitations of the existing Chinese theories such as "any finger" and "virtual reference" in explaining the semantic meaning of negative usage of interrogative pronouns. On the basis of this, the author puts forward the new concept of "negative quantification" and its research angle, and holds that interrogative pronouns imply a quantized concept in essence. It is because of the quantitative differences in "what" that the whole sentence or structure indicates partial negation and total negation. This paper specifically studies the semantic mechanism of "no / no VP what NP" structure when expressing partial negation, and points out that the whole sentence is not obtained by directly negating the interrogative pronoun "what". It is obtained by a kind of semantic and negative asymmetry mechanism similar to the negative sensitive term (NPI:negative polarity items,). In order to better analyze, this paper also introduces the semantic research of the negative sensitive term. The fifth chapter concretely analyzes that when the structure of "no / no VP what NP" expresses complete negation, "what" actually makes the semantic explanation of doubt solution equivalent to all quantization, and by negating "what", It directly achieves the semantic effect that makes the whole structure or sentence express the total negation, and carries on the thorough analysis with the help of the "possible world" theory. This paper discusses the semantics of "any NP all / no / no VP" structure, especially the interaction between "what" and the adverbs "du" and "Ye", which denote the universality of the cycle. On the basis of summing up the whole paper, we try to extend the research results of "what" to other interrogative pronouns such as "who" and "which", and put forward the direction of further research in the future. The significance of this paper lies in: 1. It is helpful to strengthen the rational understanding of the semantics of interrogative pronouns in modern Chinese. It provides theoretical support for Chinese information processing and other related applications. 3. It provides theoretical help for teaching Chinese as a foreign language, especially the semantics and usage of interrogative pronouns. 4. It provides a reference for the study of linguistic typology, especially the generality of cross-language interrogative pronoun semantics.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H146
本文编号：2221196
[Abstract]:"what" is a typical representative of interrogative pronouns in modern Chinese, not only in interrogative sentences, but also in non-interrogative sentences. The semantics of interrogative usages and non-interrogative usages are very representative. Many scholars have also done a lot of research on it. However, there is a lack of specific research on its semantics in negative sentences. Based on the researches on interrogative pronouns in modern Chinese such as lexicology and syntax, this paper adopts the theories and methods of contemporary formal semantics and draws lessons from the latest achievements of foreign linguistics in the study of interrogative pronouns in other languages. Combined with the relevant data obtained from the contemporary Chinese circulation corpus, the semantics of the interrogative pronoun "what" in the negative sentence in modern Chinese is described and fully analyzed. This paper mainly includes the following contents: in the first chapter, the basic problems discussed in this paper are put forward. And it is proposed that the semantic study of "what" in the negative sentence is mainly focused on the "no / no VP what NP" structure which is ambiguous in expression, The second chapter, literature review, reviews and summarizes the relevant research results on the negative semantic usage of interrogative pronouns in modern Chinese, both at home and abroad. The third chapter analyzes the limitations of the existing Chinese theories such as "any finger" and "virtual reference" in explaining the semantic meaning of negative usage of interrogative pronouns. On the basis of this, the author puts forward the new concept of "negative quantification" and its research angle, and holds that interrogative pronouns imply a quantized concept in essence. It is because of the quantitative differences in "what" that the whole sentence or structure indicates partial negation and total negation. This paper specifically studies the semantic mechanism of "no / no VP what NP" structure when expressing partial negation, and points out that the whole sentence is not obtained by directly negating the interrogative pronoun "what". It is obtained by a kind of semantic and negative asymmetry mechanism similar to the negative sensitive term (NPI:negative polarity items,). In order to better analyze, this paper also introduces the semantic research of the negative sensitive term. The fifth chapter concretely analyzes that when the structure of "no / no VP what NP" expresses complete negation, "what" actually makes the semantic explanation of doubt solution equivalent to all quantization, and by negating "what", It directly achieves the semantic effect that makes the whole structure or sentence express the total negation, and carries on the thorough analysis with the help of the "possible world" theory. This paper discusses the semantics of "any NP all / no / no VP" structure, especially the interaction between "what" and the adverbs "du" and "Ye", which denote the universality of the cycle. On the basis of summing up the whole paper, we try to extend the research results of "what" to other interrogative pronouns such as "who" and "which", and put forward the direction of further research in the future. The significance of this paper lies in: 1. It is helpful to strengthen the rational understanding of the semantics of interrogative pronouns in modern Chinese. It provides theoretical support for Chinese information processing and other related applications. 3. It provides theoretical help for teaching Chinese as a foreign language, especially the semantics and usage of interrogative pronouns. 4. It provides a reference for the study of linguistic typology, especially the generality of cross-language interrogative pronoun semantics.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H146
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 王志英;;情态动词的隐性否定功能——以“能+不+VP”构式为例[J];汉语学习;2013年05期
相关会议论文 前1条
1 武宏琛;;现代汉语疑问代词非疑问用法研究述评[A];第五届北京地区对外汉语教学研究生学术论坛论文集[C];2012年
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 王志英;现代汉语特殊否定现象认知研究[D];上海师范大学;2012年
相关硕士学位论文 前4条
1 黎立夏;“哪”系疑问代词的非疑问用法研究[D];华中科技大学;2011年
2 于迪;“什么”的多角度分析[D];延边大学;2010年
3 马林;《桃花扇》代词研究[D];扬州大学;2011年
4 陈红;疑问代词“哪里”的分类及其非疑问用法[D];渤海大学;2013年
，本文编号：2221196
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