对外汉语离合词扩展形式及教学
发布时间：2018-12-09 18:41
【摘要】： 离合词是汉语中一种特殊的语言现象,是对外汉语教学的难点。离合词难不在于它的“合”的形式,而在于“离”的形式,即离合词的扩展形式。离合词的扩展形式是复杂多样的,我们要加强对扩展形式的研究,以期改善离合词的教学效果不佳的现状。 目前在汉语界,关于离合词的定性问题还没有得到解决;离合词的鉴定标准也有很大的差异,因此,本文将绕过离合词定性的理论分歧,采用赵淑华、张宝林两位先生对离合词的鉴定标准,吸收他们的研究成果,对从《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》中确定的245个离合词进行逐一全面地考察,以了解它们的扩展形式。全面考察所有的离合词,列出常用的扩展形式。根据常用性和难度(根据学生的掌握情况来确定)对各种扩展形式排序,并参考《汉语水平标准与语法等级大纲》,将它们合理排入语法体系中,以指导离合词的教学。 本文的研究方法主要有:定量分析:针对《汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲》确定离合词的数量;语料库:通过北大语料库,考察每一个离合词的各种扩展形式;调查问卷:设计包含离合词扩展形式的问卷,调查不同年级留学生的掌握情况。 本文的内容主要有:第一部分绪论,涉及课题意义、课题创新性、研究目标、内容、方法;第二部分为文献回顾,主要回顾了前人对离合词的定性研究、鉴定标准研究、扩展形式研究、语用研究及教学研究;第三部分离合词的确定,主要是确定本文要研究的离合词范围,并对鉴定出的离合词从等级、内部结构等角度进行分类;第四部分为离合词扩展形式研究,对扩展进行了界定,探讨了离合词可以扩展的原因、离合词的发展、扩展形式的发展过程等问题,通过在北大语料库中对鉴定出来的离合词进行逐一全面地考察,我们总结出离合词的扩展形式。进而根据扩展形式的常用性,我们对离合词的扩展形式进行了由高到低的排序,确定了18种常用扩展形式;第五部分是针对初中高级留学生的调查问卷分析,对“化石化”现象及倒退现象的离合词扩展形式进行了分析,并依据学生的正确率尝试对离合词扩展形式在初级、中级和高级教学中的分布情况进行了处理;第六部分为离合词扩展形式的语用问题,我们认为,离合词的扩展形式主要起三种作用:突出焦点、增加语气、结构对称;第七部分为离合词教学,我们提出了教学原则,在教学内容中对离合词、离合词扩展形式、扩展形式相关的语法点都进行了分级处理,主张在初级、中级和高级不同的教学阶段,循序渐进有侧重地学习各级的教学内容。对教材编写及练习设计也提出了建议。最后我们简单探讨了一些值得注意的问题,包括离合词带宾语问题、带补语问题和离合词重叠问题等。 本文重点研究离合词的扩展形式及教学的相关问题,希望能对今后的教学有所帮助。
[Abstract]:Disjunctive words are a special language phenomenon in Chinese and a difficult point in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. It is difficult not in the form of "harmony", but in the form of "separation", that is, the expanded form of the word. The expansion forms of the words are complex and diverse, so we should strengthen the research on the expansion forms in order to improve the present situation of the poor teaching effect of the words. At present, in Chinese, the qualitative problem of clutch words has not been solved. There are also great differences in the criteria of identification of clutch words. Therefore, this paper will bypass the theoretical differences in the qualitative nature of clutch words and adopt the identification criteria of Zhao Shuhua and Zhang Baolin to absorb their research results. In order to understand their extended form, 245 ionization words determined from the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters were investigated one by one. A comprehensive review of all the clutch words, the list of commonly used forms of expansion. According to the degree of common use and difficulty (according to the students' mastery), this paper sorts out the various extended forms, and refers to the outline of Chinese proficiency Standards and Grammar grades, and puts them into the grammatical system reasonably, so as to guide the teaching of disjunctive words. The main research methods of this paper are as follows: quantitative analysis: according to the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters to determine the number of ionization words; Questionnaire: a questionnaire with extended form of clutch words was designed to investigate the mastery of foreign students in different grades. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first part is the introduction, which involves the significance of the subject, the innovation of the subject, the research goal, the content and the method; The second part is literature review, which mainly reviews the qualitative studies, the identification criteria, the extended form studies, the pragmatic studies and the teaching studies of the clutch words. The third part is to determine the scope of the clutch words to be studied in this paper, and to classify the identified words from the perspective of grade, internal structure and so on. In the fourth part, the author defines the extension, discusses the reasons why the word can be expanded, the development of the word, the process of the expansion, and so on. Through a comprehensive investigation of the identified words in the Peking University corpus, we summarize the extended form of the ionization words. Then, according to the commonness of extended form, we sort the extended form of clutch word from high to low, and determine 18 kinds of commonly used extension form. The fifth part is the questionnaire analysis of senior junior middle school students, the phenomenon of "chemical fossilization" and retrogression phenomenon of the expansion of the form of words, and according to the correct rate of students try to expand the form of words in the primary. Distribution in secondary and advanced education is dealt with; The sixth part is the pragmatic problem of the extended form of the clutch word. We think that the extended form of the clutch word plays three main roles: highlight the focus, increase the mood, and structure symmetry; In the seventh part, we put forward the teaching principles. In the teaching content, we classify the words, the expanded form of the words and the grammatical points related to the expansion of the words, and advocate that they should be treated at the primary level. Intermediate and advanced stages of teaching, step by step and focus on the study of teaching content at all levels. Suggestions are also given for the compilation of textbooks and the design of exercises. In the end, we briefly discuss some problems that deserve attention, including the problem of the object with the clutch word, the problem of the complement and the overlapping problem of the clutch word. This paper focuses on the extended form of ionization words and the related problems in teaching, hoping to be helpful to the teaching in the future.
【学位授予单位】：北京语言大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H195
本文编号：2369852
[Abstract]:Disjunctive words are a special language phenomenon in Chinese and a difficult point in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. It is difficult not in the form of "harmony", but in the form of "separation", that is, the expanded form of the word. The expansion forms of the words are complex and diverse, so we should strengthen the research on the expansion forms in order to improve the present situation of the poor teaching effect of the words. At present, in Chinese, the qualitative problem of clutch words has not been solved. There are also great differences in the criteria of identification of clutch words. Therefore, this paper will bypass the theoretical differences in the qualitative nature of clutch words and adopt the identification criteria of Zhao Shuhua and Zhang Baolin to absorb their research results. In order to understand their extended form, 245 ionization words determined from the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters were investigated one by one. A comprehensive review of all the clutch words, the list of commonly used forms of expansion. According to the degree of common use and difficulty (according to the students' mastery), this paper sorts out the various extended forms, and refers to the outline of Chinese proficiency Standards and Grammar grades, and puts them into the grammatical system reasonably, so as to guide the teaching of disjunctive words. The main research methods of this paper are as follows: quantitative analysis: according to the outline of Chinese level Vocabulary and Chinese characters to determine the number of ionization words; Questionnaire: a questionnaire with extended form of clutch words was designed to investigate the mastery of foreign students in different grades. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first part is the introduction, which involves the significance of the subject, the innovation of the subject, the research goal, the content and the method; The second part is literature review, which mainly reviews the qualitative studies, the identification criteria, the extended form studies, the pragmatic studies and the teaching studies of the clutch words. The third part is to determine the scope of the clutch words to be studied in this paper, and to classify the identified words from the perspective of grade, internal structure and so on. In the fourth part, the author defines the extension, discusses the reasons why the word can be expanded, the development of the word, the process of the expansion, and so on. Through a comprehensive investigation of the identified words in the Peking University corpus, we summarize the extended form of the ionization words. Then, according to the commonness of extended form, we sort the extended form of clutch word from high to low, and determine 18 kinds of commonly used extension form. The fifth part is the questionnaire analysis of senior junior middle school students, the phenomenon of "chemical fossilization" and retrogression phenomenon of the expansion of the form of words, and according to the correct rate of students try to expand the form of words in the primary. Distribution in secondary and advanced education is dealt with; The sixth part is the pragmatic problem of the extended form of the clutch word. We think that the extended form of the clutch word plays three main roles: highlight the focus, increase the mood, and structure symmetry; In the seventh part, we put forward the teaching principles. In the teaching content, we classify the words, the expanded form of the words and the grammatical points related to the expansion of the words, and advocate that they should be treated at the primary level. Intermediate and advanced stages of teaching, step by step and focus on the study of teaching content at all levels. Suggestions are also given for the compilation of textbooks and the design of exercises. In the end, we briefly discuss some problems that deserve attention, including the problem of the object with the clutch word, the problem of the complement and the overlapping problem of the clutch word. This paper focuses on the extended form of ionization words and the related problems in teaching, hoping to be helpful to the teaching in the future.
【学位授予单位】：北京语言大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：H195
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 李丽丽;陈碧银;;留学生汉语离合词习得偏误调查研究——越南留学生的视角[J];重庆工商大学学报(社会科学版);2012年05期
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 兰海洋;中高级阶段泰国学生汉语离合词习得研究[D];广西民族大学;2011年
2 王小宁;对外汉语离合词教学研究[D];复旦大学;2011年
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