中美大学新生教育中的思想政治教育比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 12:54

本文选题：新生教育 + 思想政治教育　；参考：《西南交通大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：《中共中央国务院关于进一步加强和改进大学生思想政治教育的意见》(中发[2004]16号)指出:面对新形势、新情况,大学生思想政治教育工作还不够适应,存在不少薄弱环节。加强和改进大学生思想政治教育是一项极为紧迫的重要任务。2017年2月,中共中央国务院下发《关于加强和改进新形势下高校思想政治工作的意见》(中发[2016] 31号)进一步指出:新形势下,加强和改进高校思想政治工作,事关办什么样的大学、怎样办大学的根本问题,事关党对高校的领导,事关中国特色社会主义事业后继有人,是一项重大的政治任务和战略工程。好的开端是成功的一半。要加强和改进大学生思想政治教育工作,首先就应加强和改进大学新生的思想政治教育。新生阶段的思想政治教育是大学思想政治教育有机链条中的一个重要环节,新生思想政治教育的成功将对整个大学阶段的学习和生活产生重大的影响,甚至对大学生的“三观”和道德品质的养成乃至整个人生产生深远的影响,是整个大学思想政治教育工作取得成功的基石。加之,新生阶段最容易出现各种新问题,能否有效克服这些问题,对每一位新生而言都至关重要,也直接关系到整个大学思想政治教育的成功与否。如果能有效抓住大学新生这一特殊阶段,专门针对新生的特殊性和群体特征,开展系统的新生思想政治教育活动,则会事半功倍。我国高校十分重视新生的思想政治教育,并且不断发展和改进,取得了显著的成绩,当代大学生的主流意识和价值观积极、健康、向上。但仍然还存在一些问题,学校对学生个体的关注度不够,有的活动主题和内容不太切合新生的实际需求,学生兴趣度不高,教育方式不够新颖,从而使思想政治教育活动的吸引力不大,效果不够理想。在激发学生的学习兴趣和思想政治教育的针对性和实效性等方面还有待于进一步提升。要提升我国高校思想政治教育的质量,就须从提升新生思想政治教育的实际效果开始。美国大学虽然没有思想政治教育的提法,但不等于没有思想政治教育。美国大学的新生教育在提升新生保留率和高等教育质量的同时也开展了大量实质性的思想政治教育工作,在整个大学第一年期间实施系列政策、战略、课程、服务等项目,通过学生亲身体验和参与实践的方式,培养学生在社会化过程中所需的人生信仰、核心价值观、公民道德品质和各项能力,帮助学生达到张扬个性和创新的目的,最终获取人生的成功。由于受到资产阶级自由主义和个人主义思想的影响,美国大学新生教育中的思想政治教育非常强调个人的利益,因而在教育过程中十分关注学生个体,强调体验和实践的方法,得到广大新生的欢迎和积极参与,这对于提升我国高校新生思想政治教育的吸引力和实效性有着一定的借鉴价值。本文运用马克思主义意识形态领域教育理论和马克思主义哲学思想,通过文献分析法、问卷调查法和比较法,对中美大学新生教育中的思想政治教育进行研究。首先,社会存在决定社会意识。中美两国不同的经济、政治、历史文化背景决定了大学新生教育中的思想政治教育有着不同的教育目标,教育目标的不同又决定了教育内容、方法和途径的差异。其次,认识事物要透过现象看本质。不管是中国还是美国大学的新生思想政治教育在本质上都是教育,必定有教育的相通性。作为人类一种共同的教育现象,一定有必须共同遵循的教育规律。基于此,中美大学新生教育中的思想政治教育是可以相互比较、学习和借鉴的。论文首先是认识到背景的不同,中国是社会主义国家,其国情决定了大学新生教育中的思想政治教育目标是培养中国特色社会主义的合格建设者和可靠接班人,教育目标决定了教育内容更强调国家和民族的需求,注重从上而下通过国家层面的要求和规定来塑造学生的思想、政治和道德素质,主要通过课堂、专题报告和学生活动的途径,主要使用讲授法和典型教育法,并辅之以座谈法、联谊法和同辈教育。美国是资本主义国家,大学新生教育中的思想政治教育目标是为了学生获取人生的成功,在引导学生政治社会化的过程中更多关注学生个体的需求,以对学生各种能力和品质的培养为重点。能力和品质的培养离不开实践,因而其教育的途径和方法都与实践相关,以体验法和讨论法为主。简而言之,思想政治教育属于意识形态领域的教育,中美两国有着完全不同的意识形态,因而在意识形态层面的教育目标和内容上都要坚持自己的立场,不可能追求相同,也不能相互学习,异大于同,但是在非意识形态层面,二者又有着一些共同点。作为一种人类共有的教育现象,且都做的是“人”的工作,在教育的过程中都必须遵循人的认知、成长和发展规律。因而在教育的途径和方法方面是可以借鉴的。他山之石,可以攻玉。当今世界是开放的世界,我国大学应批判性借鉴美国大学新生教育中的思想政治教育经验,为我国培养中国特色社会主义的合格建设者和可靠接班人所用。我们应该将新生教育中的思想政治教育视为整个大学思想政治教育的重要环节之一,通过提升新生教育中思想政治教育的吸引力和实效性,推动整个大学思想政治教育的多样化,丰富思想政治教育的实践和提升思想政治教育的质量,对提高我国高等教育办学水平具有重要的意义和价值。首先,我们要真正落实以学生为中心的教育理念,加强对学生个体的关注,加大学生参与体验和实践的力度,更加重视学生能力的训练和培养。其次,我们要努力实现新生教育中的思想政治教育全程化和全员化,创新、拓展并整合大学新生教育中的思想政治教育途径,使教育的途径和方式更丰富和多样化。最后,我们可以考虑成立专门的组织管理机构,为新生教育中的思想政治教育提供更有效的组织保障。
[Abstract]:"The Central Committee of the State Council of the Communist Party of China on Further Strengthening and improving the ideological and political education of college students ([2004]16) points out: facing the new situation, the new situation, the ideological and political education of college students is not enough to adapt, there are many weak links. Strengthening and improving college students' thinking and thinking of political education is an extremely urgent and important task.2017 In February, the State Council of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a comment on strengthening and improving the ideological and political work of colleges and Universities under the new situation ([2016] 31). Under the new situation, it is important to strengthen and improve the ideological and political work of colleges and universities, what kind of universities do and how to do the root of the University, the leadership of the party to the universities and the Chinese characteristics The successor of the socialist cause is a major political task and strategic project. A good beginning is half the success. In order to strengthen and improve the ideological and political education of college students, the ideological and political education of the freshmen should be strengthened and improved. An important link, the success of the new ideological and political education will have a great influence on the study and life of the whole university, and even the profound influence on the "three views" and the moral quality of the college students and even the whole life. It is the cornerstone of the success of the whole university ideological and political education. It is very important for every freshman to overcome these problems, and it is directly related to the success or failure of the whole university's ideological and political education. If we can seize the special stage of the freshmen, the new ideological and political education of the new students can be carried out in a systematic way. Chinese universities attach great importance to the new students' Ideological and political education, and develop and improve, and have made remarkable achievements. The mainstream consciousness and values of the contemporary college students are positive, healthy and upwards. But there are still some problems, the school has not paid enough attention to the students, and some activities and contents are not too much. To meet the actual needs of the new students, the students' interest is not high, the way of education is not novel enough, so that the attraction of the ideological and political education activities is not very attractive and the effect is not ideal. It is still to be promoted in the aspects of arousing the students' interest in learning and the pertinence and effectiveness of Ideological and political education. The quality of the university must begin with the actual effect of promoting the ideological and political education of the new students. Although the American university has no ideological and political education, it is not equal to the lack of Ideological and political education. During the first year of the University, a series of policies, strategies, courses, and services were carried out during the first year of the University. Through the students' personal experience and participation in practice, the students' beliefs, core values, civic moral qualities and various abilities needed in the process of socialization were trained to help the students to achieve the purpose of publicizing their personality and innovation, and finally getting their life. As a result of the influence of bourgeois liberalism and individualism, the ideological and political education in the new education of American universities emphasizes the interests of the individual, so in the process of education, it pays much attention to the students' individual, emphasizes the methods of experience and practice, and gets the welcome and active participation of the new students, which is to promote our country. The attraction and actual effect of the ideological and political education of the freshmen of colleges and universities have certain reference value. This paper studies the ideological and political education in the new education of the University of China and the United States by using the Marx ideology field education theory and the Marx philosophy thought, through the literature analysis, the questionnaire survey and the comparison method. The different economic, political, historical and cultural backgrounds of China and the United States determine that the ideological and political education in the freshmen's education has different educational goals. The differences in educational goals determine the differences in the content, methods and ways of education. Secondly, the nature of the matter should be seen through the phenomenon, whether in China or in the United States. The freshmen's ideological and political education in the university is essentially education and must have education. As a common educational phenomenon of human beings, there must be a law of education that must be followed. Based on this, the ideological and political education in the new education of the University of China and the United States can be compared, study and learn from each other. The thesis is first to recognize the background. China is a socialist country. Its national conditions determine that the goal of Ideological and political education in the new education of the university is to cultivate qualified builders and reliable successors of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The educational goals decide the educational content to emphasize the needs of the state and the nation, and pay more attention to the requirements and regulations of the national level from the top to the bottom. The students' ideological, political and moral qualities are created mainly through the classroom, special report and student activities, mainly using the teaching method and the typical education law, supplemented by the forum method, the friendship law and the peer education. The United States is a capitalist country. The ideological and political education in the freshmen's education aims at the success of the students' success in life. In the process of guiding students' political socialization, more attention should be paid to the individual needs of students, with the emphasis on the cultivation of students' various abilities and qualities. The cultivation of ability and quality can not be separated from practice. Therefore, the ways and methods of education are related to practice, mainly through experience and discussion. In short, ideological and political education belongs to consciousness. Education in the state of state, China and the United States have a completely different ideology, so in the ideological level of educational objectives and content to adhere to their own position, can not pursue the same, can not learn from each other, different than the same, but in the non ideological level, the two have some common point. As a common education of human beings In the course of education, we must follow human cognition, develop and develop the law. Therefore, the ways and methods of education can be used for reference. Educational experience is used to train qualified builders and reliable successors of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We should consider the ideological and political education in the new education as one of the important links of the whole university ideological and political education, and promote the whole university thought through the promotion of the attraction and effectiveness of the ideological and Political Education in the new education. The diversification of political education, enriching the practice of Ideological and political education and improving the quality of Ideological and political education are of great significance and value for improving the level of higher education in China. First of all, we should truly implement the education concept centered on students, strengthen the attention to the students' bodies, and increase the students' participation in experience and practice. Degree, we should pay more attention to the training and training of students' ability. Secondly, we should strive to realize the whole process and full membership of Ideological and political education in the new education, innovate, expand and integrate the ways of Ideological and political education in the freshmen's education, so that the ways and ways of education are more rich and diversified. Finally, we can consider the establishment of a special organization. Management institutions provide more effective organizational guarantee for ideological and political education in Freshmen's education.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G641

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