法国大学校早期发展研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 22:43

本文选题：法国 + 大学校　；参考：《河北大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：法国作为欧洲高等教育近代化的先驱,具有悠久的高等教育历史,并且有一个不同于欧洲各国乃至全世界的独到之处,即具备大学校和大学两个并行的高等教育轨制。法国发展高等教育近代化的重要途径之一,就是通过创立大量的新型高等教育机构——区别于传统大学的,按照国家意图为适应工业发展需要而建立的专科学校,即大学校的前身,最终加速完成了高等教育近代化进程。从波旁王朝后期到拿破仑执政时期,是法国大学校的早期发展阶段。法国大革命爆发之前,由于国家重商主义政策的推动,工程人才的需求扩大,中世纪大学的保守不再适应经济社会发展的需要,以培养应用型人才为目标的专科学校应运而生,即为大学校的起源。法国资产阶级政权的建立是法国高等教育近代化得以展开的重要前提,从1789年法国大革命开始,法国的高等教育重心逐渐转移,政府的宏观干预和调控对高等教育发展具有举足轻重的影响,专科学校作为新型高等教育机构完全摆脱了传统的办学思想和课程模式。到拿破仑时期,政府通过立法等一系列教育政策和行政手段关闭不合乎时代潮流的中世纪传统大学,恢复、改造并创建了一批专科学校,促使应用型专科学校进入了兴盛时期,从此近代自然科学课程不折不扣地进入法国高等教育的教学活动之中,引起了办学思想、培养目标、课程及专业结构的根本性变化,形成了独具一格的精英办学特色和实用教育风格,促使法国高等教育的发展进入了一个崭新的时代。显而易见,这些专科学校的成立,促使了法国“双轨制”高等教育制度的形成和发展,培养了大批能够独挡一面的精英人才,为促进法国高等教育多样化发展埋下了伏笔,同时也对世界其他国家的工科教育产生了深远的影响。
[Abstract]:As a pioneer of higher education modernization in Europe, France has a long history of higher education and has a unique feature different from European countries and even the whole world, that is, it has two parallel systems of higher education: universities and universities. One of the important ways to develop the modernization of higher education in France is through the creation of a large number of new types of higher education institutions, different from traditional universities, which have been established in accordance with the national intention to meet the needs of industrial development. That is, the predecessor of the university, finally accelerated the process of modernization of higher education. From the later period of Bourbon Dynasty to the period of Napoleon's reign, it was the early stage of the development of French universities. Before the French Revolution broke out, due to the promotion of the national mercantilism policy and the expansion of the demand for engineering talents, the conservatism of medieval universities no longer adapted to the needs of economic and social development. That is, the origin of big schools. The establishment of the French bourgeois regime was an important prerequisite for the modernization of French higher education. From the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789, the focus of higher education in France gradually shifted. The government's macroscopical intervention and regulation have an important influence on the development of higher education. As a new type of higher education institution, the college completely gets rid of the traditional thought and curriculum mode of running a school. By Napoleon's time, the government closed down the medieval traditional universities, which were out of line with the trend of the times, through a series of educational policies and administrative means, and restored, reformed and established a number of specialized colleges, which prompted the applied colleges to enter into a prosperous period. Since then, the modern natural science curriculum has entered the teaching activities of higher education in France, which has caused a fundamental change in the thought of running a school, the training goal, the curriculum and the professional structure. Formed a unique elite school characteristics and practical education style, to promote the development of higher education in France into a new era. Obviously, the establishment of these colleges and universities promoted the formation and development of France's "two-track" higher education system, cultivated a large number of elite talents who could stand alone, and laid the groundwork for the diversified development of higher education in France. At the same time, it also has a profound impact on the engineering education in other countries of the world.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G649.565

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