纳粹德国流亡学者在美国大学的学术活动及其影响

发布时间：2018-06-22 12:47

本文选题：纳粹德国 + 流亡学者　；参考：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：1933-1945年间,纳粹德国实施了一系列驱逐犹太人和民主进步人士的极端政策。受此影响,一大批学术精英被迫流亡他国。美国由于其教育体制和科研前景对流亡学者的吸引,以及社会各界为接收流亡学者所做的努力,而成为了接收流亡学者的主要国家。流亡学者进入美国大学后开始展开各种学术活动,其中在学术研究和学术管理方面的贡献尤为突出。在学术研究方面,他们积极进行前沿性的学术研究,在物理、数学、经济学和心理学等领域均取得了重要的研究成果;促进了研究方法的跨学科使用,以及纯粹学科与科研、应用的结合,从而形成了许多新的研究方法与研究视角;通过将所学知识与美国的社会需求和研究需要相联系,而开辟出众多新的研究领域。此外,流亡学者还进行了一系列学术管理活动。他们创编《数学评论》等期刊杂志,为相关学科知识的交流与传播,以及流亡史料的保存提供了重要平台;创设考勒斯经济研究委员会和拓扑小组等学术交流平台,为流亡学者和美国本土人才进行思想与经验的交流提供了重要场所;创建了群体动力学研究中心和库朗数学科学研究所等著名的学术研究机构,为流亡学者进行重要研究和培养人才提供了有效场地。纳粹德国流亡学者通过进行各种学术活动,带动了美国大学各个学科的发展与扩充,促成了大学学术研究水平的迅速提升和学术人才的快速成长,对这一时期美国大学的学术繁荣产生了积极作用。
[Abstract]:Nazi Germany carried out a series of extreme policies of expelling Jews and democratic progressives from 1933 to 1945. As a result, a large number of academic elites were forced into exile. Because of its educational system and the prospect of scientific research, the United States has become the main country to receive exiled scholars because of its attraction to the scholars in exile and the efforts made by all walks of life to receive the scholars in exile. After entering American universities, exiled scholars began to carry out various academic activities, especially in academic research and academic management. In the field of academic research, they actively carry out advanced academic research, and have achieved important research results in physics, mathematics, economics and psychology. They have promoted the interdisciplinary use of research methods, as well as pure disciplines and scientific research. With the combination of application, many new research methods and perspectives have been formed, and many new research fields have been opened up by connecting the knowledge learned with the social needs and research needs of the United States. In addition, exiled scholars also carried out a series of academic management activities. They created journals such as Mathematical Review, which provided an important platform for the exchange and dissemination of knowledge in related disciplines, as well as the preservation of historical materials in exile, and created academic communication platforms such as the Corus Economic Research Council and the Topology Group. It provides an important place for the exchange of ideas and experiences between exiled scholars and native American talents, and the establishment of well-known academic research institutions such as the Research Center for Group Dynamics and the Kurand Institute of Mathematical Sciences. It provides an effective place for exiled scholars to carry out important research and train talents. Through various academic activities, exiled scholars in Nazi Germany promoted the development and expansion of various disciplines in American universities, and promoted the rapid upgrading of academic research and the rapid growth of academic talents. It played a positive role in the academic prosperity of American universities during this period.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G649.712

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