美国私立大学治理模式研究

发布时间：2018-09-17 12:08

【摘要】：美国(非盈利)私立大学是世界高等教育领域里的典范,美国私立大学之所以有如此地位,和它科学规范的治理模式是分不开的。大学的治理简而言之就是指大学内外利益相关者处理学校重大事件决策的结构和过程,主要包括两个方面:大学的外部治理和大学的内部治理。大学的外部治理的主体是联邦政府、州政府、市场和社会等,其内部治理的主体是起桥梁作用,联接大学与外部利益相关者的董事会、以校长为首的行政管理系统和掌握学术权利的教师群体。由此可见,董事会、校长和教授是美国私立大学治理三大要素,董事会法人制度保证了大学自治,校长保障了整个大学的正常运转,教授治学体现了大学的学术自由。通过对这三大要素的研究,对我国民办大学可以提出一些建设性的意见和对策。我国私立大学现阶段存在的问题重要包括外部和内部两个方面,外部指大环境,法律不健全和政府方面的支持力度薄弱等;内部主要包括四方面:第一,管理方面经验不足;第二,学校同质化严重,缺乏特色;第三,师资力量薄弱,教师的权益得不到保障;第四,声誉不佳,竞争不公平。针对这些现象,通过对美国私立大学三个重要因素的研究,得出以下启示。首先,要建立健全的法律体系,创造公平的竞争环境;其次,建立多元化的筹资渠道,同时加强政府的支持;再次,民办大学要找准定位,形成核心竞争力;最后,要保障教师的合法权益,教师治学和校长治校相结合。
[Abstract]:Private universities in the United States (non-profit) are the models in the field of higher education in the world. The reason why American private universities have such a status is inseparable from its governing mode of scientific norms. In short, the governance of the university refers to the structure and process of the stakeholders dealing with the major events of the university, which mainly includes two aspects: the external governance of the university and the internal governance of the university. The main body of external governance of the university is the federal government, state government, market and society, etc. The main body of its internal governance acts as a bridge between the university and the board of directors of external stakeholders. The administrative management system headed by the principal and the group of teachers who have academic rights. It can be seen that the board of directors, presidents and professors are the three main elements of the governance of private universities in the United States. The legal person system of the board of directors guarantees the autonomy of the university, the president guarantees the normal operation of the whole university, and the academic freedom of the university is embodied by the professor of scholarship. Through the study of these three elements, we can put forward some constructive suggestions and countermeasures to the private universities in our country. The existing problems of private universities in China include external and internal aspects, including external environment, imperfect laws and weak support from the government, including four aspects: first, insufficient experience in management, and so on. Second, the school homogenization is serious, lack the characteristic; third, the teacher strength is weak, the teacher's rights and interests cannot be protected; fourth, the reputation is not good, the competition is not fair. In view of these phenomena, through the study of three important factors of American private universities, the following revelations are obtained. First, to establish a sound legal system to create a fair competition environment; second, to establish a diversified funding channels, while strengthening government support; third, private universities should find a correct positioning to form the core competitiveness; finally, To protect the legitimate rights and interests of teachers, teachers and principals school-management combination.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G647

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