教育承认与自我认同

发布时间：2018-03-10 17:30

本文选题：承认　切入点：教育承认　出处：《南京师范大学》2008年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 本文探讨的是教育承认与自我认同的关系。自我认同是一种自我建构,是整合自我的精神品质、建立内在的精神秩序,实现理想自我与现实自我的同一性;也是在一种与他人的对话中获得价值认同感,所以自我认同关系到自我完善和德性品质的形成,这也是自主所应该达到的积极目标。自我认同由相互承认得到实现,他人是自己认知自我、确认自我的眼光;而承认是自我认同的一种方式,指的是个体与他人的相互接纳与认可的关系,凭借它个体才能建立对自我的认识,以及自我主宰、自主决定的能力。承认是个体自我认同的必要条件。自我认同是一个现代话题,传统社会中个体必须按照整体秩序来塑造自我,只有作为一个社会角色、服从集体意志才能得到一个身份,个体没有自主选择的权利。近现代社会随着个体独立意识的增强,个体可以按照自己的意志来塑造自己,自己决定作怎样的人。这就是现代自我认同的特征。但个体的认同始终离不开与他人的对话和相互承认,而现代个体需要的承认就处于一种不确定性之中。随之而来的是一种孤立的自我观念,不管是欲望主体,或者理性主体,都不能让个体获得构建同一性自我所需要的充分承认。因此现代教育面临的一个课题是:教育作为一种互动关系,应该怎样帮助儿童实现自我认同。教育承认有不同的形式。爱、权利尊重以及个性成就的赞许是三种基本的教育承认形式,它们分别是家庭、国家、社会三个伦理领域特征性的交往关系。通过这些承认关系,儿童才能形成自信、自尊、自重等实践品质。这些品质是精神品格完善的内在要求,也体现了儿童在情感、理性、个性方面的发展。所以承认不仅是给予儿童自我主导的机会,也是为儿童自我实现提供必要的支持条件,让儿童实现真正的自我完善。但是,教育中也存在对儿童承认的剥夺与缺失,不同的蔑视行为使儿童失去实现自我的机会。而以承认面目出现的扭曲的承认则将会导致自我认同方向感的迷失。以教育承认为纽带构建的是一个承认的共同体,它不仅包含普遍的理性规范,保障每个儿童平等的认同机会,也是儿童个性化的自我实现所必要的价值框架和实践平台,相对于市场契约式的教育互动关系,承认体现了教育的伦理特性。给予每一个儿童应有的承认是教育伦理的必然要求。
[Abstract]:This paper discusses the relationship between educational recognition and self-identity. Self-identity is a kind of self-construction, which is to integrate the spiritual quality of the self, to establish the internal spiritual order and to realize the identity between the ideal self and the real self. It is also in a dialogue with others to gain a sense of value, so self-identity is related to self-improvement and the formation of moral qualities, which is also the positive goal that autonomy should achieve. Self-identity is achieved by mutual recognition. Others are the vision of themselves, and recognition is a way of self-identity, which refers to the mutual acceptance and acceptance of the relationship between the individual and others, through which one can establish a sense of self and self-domination. The ability to decide independently. Recognition is a necessary condition for an individual's self-identity. Self-identification is a modern topic. In traditional society, individuals must shape themselves according to the whole order. Only as a social role, can individuals obtain an identity from collective will. Individuals do not have the right to choose on their own. In modern society, with the enhancement of individual independence consciousness, individuals can shape themselves according to their own will. This is the characteristic of modern self-identity. But the identity of the individual is always inseparable from dialogue and mutual recognition with others. And the recognition of the needs of the modern individual is in the midst of an uncertainty, followed by an isolated sense of self, whether it be the subject of desire or the subject of reason, Therefore, modern education is faced with a problem: education as an interactive relationship, how to help children achieve self-identity. There are different forms of educational recognition. Love, respect for rights, and approval for personality achievement are three basic forms of educational recognition, namely, family, state, and society. Only children can form practical qualities such as self-confidence, self-esteem, self-respect, etc. These qualities are intrinsic requirements for the perfection of spiritual character, and also reflect the development of children's emotions, rationality and personality. So recognition is not only a chance for children to lead themselves. It is also to provide necessary support conditions for children to achieve true self-improvement. However, there is also deprivation and lack of recognition of children in education. Different acts of contempt deprive children of the opportunity to realize themselves, while distorted acknowledgements in the face of recognition lead to the loss of a sense of direction in self-identity. A community of recognition is constructed by the link of educational recognition. It not only contains universal rational norms and guarantees every child equal opportunity of identity, but also is the necessary value framework and practical platform for the individualized self-realization of children. Compared with the interactive relationship of education in the market contract, recognition embodies the ethical characteristics of education, and it is the inevitable requirement of education ethics to give every child the recognition he deserves.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：G40

【引证文献】