压力型动员:改革后中国农村义务教育的供给之道

发布时间：2018-10-25 11:07

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国农村义务教育体制发生了深刻变迁,以行政权力为轴心的压力型供给体制的形成,对我国农村义务教育治理产生了巨大影响。在这一体制的支配下,有关义务教育治理规则的制定权掌握在中央政府部门的手中,其可以根据自身的需要和偏好来划分农村义务教育的事权范围,供给责任下移因此有了制度的空间。但农村义务教育与一些地方政府及其官员利益并不完全一致,要保证下移的各项任务和指标的落实,中央政府部门必须要利用行政权力的优势,通过政绩考核的方式赋予地方政府一定的压力和激励。这种压力型的体制赋予基层政府的只是外在的压力而非内在的激励,所以,无论制度内财力是否充足,基层政府始终有再甩"包袱"的卸责冲动,制度外供给也因此成为了改革后我国农村义务教育供给的主要路径。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the rural compulsory education system in China has undergone profound changes. The formation of a pressure-type supply system with administrative power as its axis has had a great impact on the governance of rural compulsory education in China. Under the control of this system, the right to formulate the governing rules of compulsory education is in the hands of the central government departments, which can divide the scope of the compulsory education in rural areas according to their own needs and preferences. The supply responsibility shift down thus has the system space. However, compulsory education in rural areas is not entirely consistent with the interests of some local governments and their officials. In order to ensure the implementation of various tasks and targets for the downshift, central government departments must make use of the advantages of administrative power. Through the performance assessment of the way to give certain pressure and incentives to local governments. This kind of pressure-type system gives the grass-roots government only external pressure, not internal incentive. Therefore, no matter whether the financial resources in the system are adequate or not, the grass-roots government still has the urge to shirk its "burden" again. As a result, external supply has become the main path of rural compulsory education supply after the reform.
【作者单位】：宁波市政府发展研究中心人才所;
【基金】：2007年浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题“社会转型中的农村公共物品供给机制研究——以改革后的农村义务教育为例” 2007年浙江省教育规划课题“新农村建设中的义务教育供给机制研究” 宁波大学博士基金项目“中国农村义务教育供给体制研究”的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：G522.3

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