私校公助：澳门的视点与问题

发布时间：2018-03-05 13:09

本文选题：私校公助　切入点：私立教育　出处：《华东师范大学》2009年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 私校公助是澳门教育现代化发展过程中的重要议题,也是国际私立教育领域的热点研究问题,围绕着“政府该不该资助私立学校”和“政府如何资助私立学校”这两个问题,不同的教育者和政策制定者展开了激烈的争论。本研究以澳门私校公助政策为研究对象,探讨了私校公助政策的理论基础,并对澳门私校公助政策的历史进程、模式特点、绩效表现进行了系统地分析与评估,并指出当前澳门私校公助政策中存在的种种问题与不足。通过提供澳门私校公助政策“不一样的实践与经验”,探讨和分析私校公助政策设计中需要注意的问题,为教育研究者和政策制定者们提供借鉴与参考。新自由经济理论、福利经济理论、教育公平与教育公正理论构成了私校公助政策的理论基础。在政策实践中,私立学校办学同时具有“公利性”和“私利性”的双面特征,成为人们拥护或反对私校公助政策的理论依据,本研究认为,私校公助政策的意义在于能否平衡或者如何平衡私校办学的“公利性”和“私利性”。私校公助政策在国际范围内有着不同的表现形式,本研究考察了美国、英国、法国、澳大利亚、荷兰五个不同国家私校公助政策,指出这种差异性的出现很大程度上与各国私立学校在教育体系内所占的地位和比例差异以及各国政府教育决策者对私立学校作用的认识差异有关。随着全球性私校公助政策的发展,各国的私校公助政策也出现了某些趋同性的特征,如越来越多的国家开始对私立学校进行生均经常费的资助、对不同的私立学校采取差别化的办法、将对私立学校的资助力度和资助条件结合起来。澳门私立学校发展的独特历史背景对澳门私校公助政策的发展有着深远的影响,它体现在私立学校在澳门教育体系中所占的比重以及私立学校的重要程度比世界上其它任何一个国家或地区都要高。澳门私立学校承担了大约95%的学生接受义务教育的任务,这一特点对澳门私校公助模式特点的形成具有深远的影响,使得澳门私校公助政策更加关注私立学校办学的公益性和教育公平的目标,这与其它国家或地区更为关注私立学校的教育效率问题形成了鲜明的对比。在私校公助的模式上,澳门采取了免费教育津贴模式对提供免费教育的私立学校进行资助,这可以视为澳门私校公助政策更为关注教育公益性问题的重要体现。然而,澳门免费教育津贴模式在政策设计上是有缺陷的,本研究分别从国际比较和政策运行机制的角度对这些缺陷进行了论证和分析,具体包括免费教育津贴的资助标准、资助条件、私立学校的成本界定、各校资源水平的差异等等。从私校公助政策的绩效表现来看,澳门私校公助政策由于过于强调免费性和教育的公益价值在一定程度上削弱了私立学校在教育效率上的表现。本研究从澳门私校公助政策的价值取向出发,分别分析了澳门私校公助政策对教育的公共价值、教育公平和教育效率的影响。由于免费教育津贴模式在政策设计上的缺陷,以及相关配套政策的不健全,无论是对于教育公平还是教育效率的实现,澳门私校公助政策都在在着一些潜在的问题。私校公助政策的实施还对澳门政府和私校的关系产生了较大的影响,由于政府需要对公共财政经费进行问责,加强澳门政府对私立学校的管理和监督势在必行,这将对私立学校的办学自主权形成很大的挑战。本研究分析了政府对私立学校问责的意义、方法和途径,并指出私立学校办学自主权具有相对性与有限性的特点,提出只有加强教育专业能力的发展和健全相关教育法律和制度,才是构建和谐政校关系的根本出路。
[Abstract]:Private schools with public funding is an important issue in the development process of Macao's modernization of education, private education is the international hot research field, around "the government should subsidize private schools" and "how the government funded private schools" of the two different problems, educators and policymakers have debated this study. In Macao, private schools with public funding as the research object, discusses the basic theory of private schools with public funding, and the Macao private schools with public funding of the historical process, mode characteristics, the performance of the systematic analysis and assessment, and points out the problems existing in current public policy of Macao private schools in Macao by providing private and shortcomings. Schools with public funding "different practice and experience, to explore and analyze the need to pay attention to private schools with public funding problems in the design, to provide reference and reference for education researchers and policy makers Test.
Neo liberal economic theory, welfare economics theory, educational equity and justice theory constitute the theoretical foundation of private schools with public funding. In policy practice, private schools also have the characteristics of double the public "and" private ", as a theoretical basis for people to support or oppose private schools with public funding, this study suggests that private schools with public funding, the significance lies in how to balance the balance or private school" public "and" private ".
Private schools with public funding has different forms in the international scope, this study investigated the United States, Britain, France, Australia, Holland in five different countries of private schools with public funding, and points out that the difference of the position and role of private school proportion largely with all private schools in the education system the difference and government education policy makers. With the development of global private schools with public funding, private schools under the policies of other countries also appeared some similarities, such as more and more countries are beginning to private school student often funding, adopt different for different private schools, the private school funding and funding conditions combined.
Have a great influence on the development of unique historical background of the development of private schools in Macao of Macao private schools with public funding, it is embodied in the private school in the Macao education system in the proportion and the importance of private schools than any other countries or regions of the world are higher. Private schools in Macao took about 95% students receiving compulsory education task, has a profound influence on the characteristics of formation of Macao private schools under the model, making Macao private schools with public funding to pay more attention to the target of public welfare and education of private schools of the fair, this and other countries or regions pay more attention to the efficiency of education in private schools in stark contrast.
Help in the private school model, Macao adopted a private school model of free education grants to provide free education funding, which can be regarded as Macao private schools with public funding is more important to reflect concern the issue of public welfare in education. However, Macao free education allowance model is flawed in the policy design, this study from the operating mechanism of the international comparison and policy perspective on these defects are analyzed and demonstrated, including funding conditions of free education subsidies standards, define private school school cost, the difference in the level of resources and so on.
From the performance of private schools with public funding, Macao private schools with public funding because of too much emphasis on the public value and free education weakened the private schools in education on the efficiency in a certain extent. This study from the value orientation of Macao private schools with public funding, respectively analyzes the public value of Macao private schools with public funding of the influence of education, education fairness and efficiency. Because of the defect mode of free education allowance in policy design, and related policies are not perfect, either for education equity or efficiency of education, Macao private schools with public funding in some potential problems.
Have a greater impact on the implementation of private schools with public funding is also on the relationship between the Macao government and private schools, because the government needs for public financial accountability, the government of Macao to strengthen the management and supervision of private schools is imperative, which will be on the private school running autonomy form a great challenge. Based on the analysis of the government the meaning of responsibility of private schools, ways and means, and points out that the autonomy of private schools is relative and limited, puts forward that strengthening the development of education professional ability and improve relevant education laws and regulations is the fundamental way to construct the harmonious relationship between the government and schools.

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：G522.72

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