城市化中教育投资对农村劳动力转移的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 14:02

本文选题：城市化 + 农村教育　；参考：《东北林业大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 城市化(Urbanization)是一个国家实现经济发展的必由之路,是21世纪世界经济发展的主题。城市化是人口不断由农村转向城市的社会经济过程,具体可表现为农村劳动力的转移、城市地域的扩大,城市文明和生活方式的普及等。从城市化深刻内涵来看,还包括人们的思维方式、生产方式和生活方式的变化。因此,城市化是一个文化积累过程、一个社会意识形态根本转变的过程,也是一个制度不断创新的过程。作为一种更高形态上的人类文明的存在和发展方式,城市化的深度发展,不应该仅表现在经济乃至建筑意义的“化”,更将体现人的生活在文化、社会等多个层面上文明程度的融合与提升,也就是说,城市化不只是物的城市化、形的城市化,更是人的城市化、精神的城市化。城市化发展将进入到充分发展的阶段,这是人类的进步,是社会发展的必然结果。其中,人的城市化是这一过程实现的重要标志。它包括了人口城乡变迁和人力资本提升两个方面。布莱克和汉德尔森(Black and Henderson)指出：城市人力资本水平影响城镇企业生产效率、城市经济增长速率以及城市人口增长率。而教育作为人力资本增长的核心途径,可以通过改善劳动力转移的质量与效率而影响城市化整体进程。未来50年内,城市化仍将是我国发展的主要趋势,预计将会有6-7亿人从农村转移到城市。但是,目前来看,我国的农村教育还没有对城市化作出积极回应,这对于我国的城市化是十分不利的,因此,在这一过程中应该加大教育投资力度,着力提高农村青少年的受教育水平,使其具备相应的劳动技能,为农村劳动力向人力资本的转变奠定基础。本文首先从宏观视角探讨城市化的发展趋势、发展状态以及城市化的内涵,重点分析了城市化的深层含义：城市化实现的速度与质量取决于更多高素质高技能的人力资本存量；而这一切的实现都将以教育的发展为前提,城市化深度发展的新要求为教育发展提出了新的命题。其次,从微观的角度来研究教育投资对提升城市化中劳动力转移的数量和结构等诸多因素的内在机理。通过人力资本、教育投资的相关理论的分析,将农村教育投资、人力资本积累、农村劳动力转移等联系在一起进行考察,可以发现,教育投资作为形成人力资本的一种关键因素,对人力资本的积累起着决定性的作用。通过定性与定量分析得出了人力资本是促进经济发展的重要源泉这一论断,而教育投资必然成为人力资本的孵化器。再次,农村劳动力向非农产业和城镇转移是工业化和现代化的必然趋势,而劳动者所具有的知识、技能是影响农村劳动力转移的基本因素。人力资本水平决定劳动力转移的质量和方向。在借鉴经典的劳动力转移理论基础上,结合我国农村劳动力转移的现状,重点分析了教育投资在劳动力转移过程中的促进作用,决定和影响劳动力转移的速度和质量,教育投资成为农村劳动力转移的加速器。最后,我国城市化进程中农村教育状况的诸多弊端、农村劳动力的受教育程度综合影响了劳动力转移的数量和质量。本文在分析了教育投资与人力资本的相互作用关系以及影响农村劳动力转移的各要素的基础之上,构建了以农村劳动力转移数量为因变量,以农村劳动力转移的若干影响因素为自变量的回归分析模型,通过对山东省的教育投资与农村劳动力转移的基本特征进行了调查并实证分析,在调研出大量具有参考性数据的基础上对模型进行了线性回归分析,在5%的显著水平下得出只有自变量为受教育程度的模型,通过模型可以验证受教育程度与农村劳动力转移之间的定量关系,并对此提出改善的对策和建议。
[Abstract]:Urbanization (Urbanization) is the only way for a country to realize economic development and the theme of the development of the world economy in the twenty-first Century. Urbanization is the social and economic process of the population changing from rural to city. It can be manifested as the transfer of rural labor, the expansion of urban areas, the popularization of urban civilization and the way of life. As a result, urbanization is a process of cultural accumulation, a process of fundamental transformation of social ideology and a process of continuous innovation of a system. As a higher form of human civilization, the existence and development of a higher form of urbanization and the depth of urbanization. Development should not only be manifested in the "transformation" of economic and architectural significance, but also the integration and promotion of human life in many aspects, such as culture and society. That is to say, urbanization is not only the urbanization, the urbanization of the people, the urbanization of the people, the urbanization of the people, and the development of urbanization will be fully developed. In the stage, this is the progress of human beings and the inevitable result of social development. Among them, the urbanization of people is an important symbol of the realization of this process. It includes two aspects of the changes of urban and rural areas and the promotion of human capital. Black and Henderson (Black and Henderson) point out that the level of urban human capital affects the production efficiency of urban enterprises. Urban economic growth rate and urban population growth rate, and education as the core way of human capital growth, can improve the overall process of urbanization by improving the quality and efficiency of labor transfer.
In the next 50 years, urbanization will still be the main trend of our country's development. It is expected that 6-7 billion people will be transferred from the countryside to the city. However, at present, the rural education in our country does not respond positively to the city, which is very unfavorable to the urbanization of our country. Therefore, the investment in education should be strengthened in this process. We should raise the level of education for rural teenagers, so that they can have corresponding labor skills and lay the foundation for the transformation of rural labor force to human capital.
This paper first discusses the development trend of urbanization, the state of development and the connotation of urbanization from a macro perspective, and focuses on the deep meaning of Urbanization: the speed and quality of urbanization depends on the more high-quality and highly skilled human capital stock, and the realization of all these will be based on the development of education and the depth of urbanization. The new requirements of development put forward a new proposition for the development of education.
Secondly, from the micro point of view, this paper studies the internal mechanism of education investment to promote the number and structure of labor transfer in urbanization. Through the analysis of the related theories of human capital and education investment, we can find out the education investment, the accumulation of human capital, the transfer of rural labor and so on. As a key factor in the formation of human capital, investment plays a decisive role in the accumulation of human capital. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, it is concluded that human capital is an important source of economic development, and educational investment will inevitably become an incubator of human capital.
Thirdly, the transfer of rural labor to non-agricultural industries and towns is the inevitable trend of industrialization and modernization, and the knowledge and skills of workers are the basic factors affecting the transfer of rural labor force. The level of human capital determines the quality and direction of labor transfer. The present situation of rural labor transfer is focused on the analysis of the promoting role of education investment in the process of labor transfer, determining and affecting the speed and quality of labor transfer, and the investment of education becomes the accelerator of the transfer of rural labor.
Finally, many disadvantages of rural education in the process of urbanization in China, the education degree of rural labor force affects the quantity and quality of labor transfer. Based on the analysis of the interaction relationship between education investment and human capital and the factors that affect the transfer of rural labor force, the paper constructs the rural labor. The number of force transfer is the dependent variable, and the regression analysis model of several factors affecting the transfer of rural labor is a regression analysis model. Through the investigation and empirical analysis of the basic characteristics of the education investment and the transfer of rural labor in Shandong Province, the linear regression analysis is carried out on the basis of a large number of reference data. In the 5% significant level, the model that only the independent variable is educated is obtained. Through the model, the quantitative relationship between the degree of education and the transfer of rural labor force can be verified, and the countermeasures and suggestions for the improvement are put forward.

【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：G526.7;F323.6

【引证文献】