论中国古代儒家的和谐教育思想

发布时间：2018-05-17 23:24

本文选题：和谐教育 + 儒家　；参考：《湖南大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 中国古代儒家知识分子在教育实践中创立并发展了一套完整的和谐教育思想。关于和谐教育的目的,中国古代儒家将培养身心和谐的圣人作为最高目标。儒家非常重视人与人之间关系的和谐,因此儒家思想家大多致力于论证和谐教育的目的之一就在于明人伦。同时,儒家和谐教育的目的始终指向能否促进社会和谐,将化民成俗、经世致用也作为重要的目标。中国古代儒家通过传授经典的六经体系以及宋代在五经基础上提炼强化的四书部分,在内涵上贯穿仁、礼相互融合的思想,形成了和谐教育的重要内容。格物、致知、正心、诚意、修身、齐家、治国、平天下的“八条目”是古代儒家和谐教育的主要途径。儒家和谐教育的过程还强调博学、审问、慎思、明辨、笃行,注重知与行的统一、协调。中国古代儒家和谐教育的主要方法有因材施教、教学相长和知行统一。儒家和谐教育认为在教学中,教师与学生都能够得到共同的发展。因材施教、教学相长既是和谐师生关系的重要基础,也是师生始终相信在和谐的人际中,各因其性、各尽其才,个体能得到进一步和谐的发展。儒家和谐教育注重处理道德与知识、知识与实践之间的关系,强调知行的统一。中国古代儒家和谐教育的主要特征表现在：一在教育理念上坚持天人合一。二是实施有教无类的教化原则。三是重视教育的政治功能,实施政教合一的文教政策,将礼秩乐和作为社会和教学的理想。四是教育目的、内容、方法都围绕道与德展开,提出了丰富的道德修养方法,促进教育者身心和谐地发展。
[Abstract]:Chinese ancient Confucian intellectuals established and developed a set of harmonious education thoughts in educational practice. With regard to the aim of harmonious education, ancient Chinese Confucianists regarded the cultivation of saints of harmony of mind and body as the supreme goal. Confucianism attaches great importance to the harmony between people, so the Confucian thinkers are mostly committed to the purpose of harmonious education in the Ming Dynasty. At the same time, the aim of Confucian harmonious education is to promote social harmony, to turn the people into customs and to use the world as an important goal. By imparting the classical system of the six Classics and refining and strengthening the four books on the basis of the five Classics in the Song Dynasty, the ancient Chinese Confucianists ran through the idea of benevolence and the mutual fusion of propriety and formed the important content of harmonious education. The "eight items" of character, knowledge, sincerity, self-cultivation, Qi family, governing the country and leveling the world are the main ways of harmonious education of ancient Confucianism. The process of Confucian harmonious education also emphasizes erudition, interrogation, careful thinking, discernment and practice, and emphasizes the unity and coordination of knowledge and action. The main methods of harmonious education in ancient Chinese Confucianism are teaching according to their aptitude, teaching each other and unity of knowledge and practice. Confucian harmonious education believes that in teaching, both teachers and students can get common development. Teaching in accordance with aptitude is not only the important foundation of harmonious teacher-student relationship, but also the belief that each individual can further develop harmoniously in a harmonious interpersonal relationship because of their own nature and abilities. Confucian harmonious education focuses on dealing with the relationship between morality and knowledge, knowledge and practice, and emphasizes the unity of knowledge and practice. The main features of Confucian harmonious education in ancient China are as follows: first, adhere to the unity of nature and man in the concept of education. Second, the implementation of the principle of education without class. Third, pay attention to the political function of education, carry out the policy of combining government with religion, and regard Rank of Rites as the ideal of society and teaching. Fourth, the purpose, content and method of education are developed around Tao and morality, and a rich method of moral cultivation is put forward to promote the harmonious development of educator's body and mind.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：G40-092

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