19世纪中后期英国科技教育发展研究

发布时间：2018-07-12 12:45

本文选题：英国 + 19世纪　；参考：《河北大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】： 从19世纪中期开始,英国的经济、政治、科技、思想等领域的深刻变革对英国古典教育的传统提出了严峻挑战。经济领域的竞争,使英国民众逐渐认识到开展科技教育的必要性和重要性。政治体制改革的深入和中产阶级的崛起为科技教育体系的建立营造了适宜的政治氛围。科学技术的飞速发展为科技教育提供了充足的知识储备,各国在科技领域的竞争更为科技教育的发展提供了不竭动力。功利主义的兴起和科学教育思想的广泛传播,则在很大程度上为科技教育的发展发挥了鸣锣开道的作用。在这种背景下,英国政府采取设立皇家委员会、立法、资助等形式,推动科技教育体系的建立和发展。政府的及时管理和干预,对英国科技教育的发展起到了很大的推动作用。经过近半个世纪的发展,至19世纪末期英国的科技教育体系基本建立。本文在分析英国科技教育发展的背景、追述政府在干预和推动科技教育方面所采取的措施的基础上,将从中等教育、高等教育、成人教育3个主要层面阐述19世纪中后期英国科技教育发展的历程。在中等教育领域,古典学科虽仍在公学(Public School)和文法学校(Grammer School)的课程体系中占据主导地位,但自然学科等学科已然迈入公学和文法学校的课堂。与此同时,以服务社会为主要宗旨、强调科学等新兴学科的私立中学获得了较快的发展,在提高学生的生产和生活能力方面发挥了很大的作用。在高等教育领域,伦敦大学和城市学院以现代科学为核心教学内容,冲破了牛津大学和剑桥大学对高等教育的垄断。牛津大学和剑桥大学自然科学荣誉学位考试制度的建立及通过考试的学生人数的增加,标志着科学教育在传统大学也已经站稳脚跟。卡文迪什实验室和克拉莱登等实验室的创办,表明英国大学开始承担起科学研究的职能,大学的社会职能进一步完善。在成人教育领域,技工讲习所(Mechanics’Institutions)持续发展,夜校、科学学校等成人教育机构相继涌现,各种各样的科学协会、学会纷纷成立。这些成人教育机构和科学团体在普及科学知识,提高全社会的科技水平方面发挥了十分重要的作用。 19世纪中后期英国科技教育的发展蕴含着宝贵的历史经验,深入总结其经验教训,可以加深我们对英国近代教育史的认识,亦可为我国实施科教兴国战略提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:Since the middle of the 19th century, the profound changes in the fields of economy, politics, science and technology, thought and so on have posed a severe challenge to the tradition of British classical education. The competition in the economic field makes the British people realize the necessity and importance of science and technology education. The deepening of political system reform and the rise of middle class have created a suitable political atmosphere for the establishment of science and technology education system. The rapid development of science and technology provides sufficient knowledge reserve for science and technology education, and the competition in the field of science and technology provides an inexhaustible power for the development of science and technology education. The rise of utilitarianism and the wide spread of scientific education thought play an important role in the development of science and technology education to a great extent. In this context, the British government established the Royal Commission, legislation, funding and other forms to promote the establishment and development of science and technology education system. The government's timely management and intervention have greatly promoted the development of science and technology education in Britain. After nearly half a century of development, by the end of the 19 th century, the British science and technology education system was basically established. On the basis of analyzing the background of the development of science and technology education in Britain and recalling the measures taken by the government to intervene and promote science and technology education, this paper will start with secondary education and higher education. The development of science and technology education in England in the middle and late 19th century is described in three main levels of adult education. In the field of secondary education, classical subjects still dominate the curriculum system of Public School and Grammer School, but natural subjects and other subjects have entered the classroom of Public School and Grammer School. At the same time, the private middle schools with the aim of serving the society and emphasizing new subjects such as science have developed rapidly and played a great role in improving the students' ability of production and life. In the field of higher education, the University of London and the City College take modern science as the core teaching content, breaking through the monopoly of Oxford University and Cambridge University on higher education. The establishment of the examination system for the honorary degree in natural science at Oxford and Cambridge universities and the increase in the number of students passing the examination indicate that science education has also established its foothold in traditional universities. The establishment of Cavendish Labs and Clariden Laboratories shows that British universities begin to assume the function of scientific research and their social functions are further improved. In the field of adult education, mechanical institutions have continued to develop, evening schools, science schools and other adult education institutions have emerged, a variety of scientific associations have been established. These adult education institutions and scientific groups are spreading scientific knowledge, The development of science and technology education in Britain in the middle and late 19th century contained valuable historical experience, and summarized its experience and lessons in depth. It can deepen our understanding of the history of modern British education, and also provide reference for our country to carry out the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：G556.1

【引证文献】