晚清民国时期湘乡教育研究（1895-1949）
发布时间：2018-11-14 08:41
【摘要】： 湘乡是湖南省中部的一个大县,长期以来实行的是以私塾、书院为主的封建传统教育。晚清尤其是甲午中日战争以后,湘乡人在强烈的社会责任感和爱国心驱使下率先兴办近代新式教育,引领近代教育改革新潮流。此后的半个多世纪,湘乡人紧紧把握住时代的脉搏,抓住机遇,艰难经营,在全社会形成了良好的办学风气,因此虽然近代教育起步晚,但发展迅速,晚清民国时期(1895—1949年)的教育以其鲜明的特色和不俗的成绩在全省乃至全国引人瞩目。其中,中小学教育一直处于全省领先地位,职业教育和成人教育也不乏可圈可点之处,涌现出一个热心办学的教育家群体和可歌可泣的教育业绩。一批具有鲜明特色的名校省内外闻名,先进的教育理念和实践在今天仍具有借鉴和激励的作用。近代湘军的崛起,教育救国思潮的传播,政府官员的推动,热心办学人士的群策群力是打造近代湘乡教育辉煌的原因。但近代湘乡教育在曲折中艰难发展,时遭顿挫；教育发展极不平衡,中小学教育和职业教育、成人教育的差异,公办学校和私立学校的差异,同类学校之间的差异都显著存在,学校的数量和办学质量的矛盾没有很好地解决。教育的先进性与落后性并存,且整体发展水平不高。政局不稳、社会动荡、经济落后等因素是制约湘乡教育发展的根本因素。湘乡一批省内外闻名的名校包括开近代教育先河的东山精舍和领袖、将军、诗人、学者摇篮的东山高等小学堂,著名教育家罗弨重创办的以血性教育和素质教育闻名全国的陶龛学校,毁家兴学的蒋显曾和湘乡唯一的私立完全中学—春元中学是其中杰出的典范,他们为各行各业培养了大量优秀人才,产生了重大影响,他们的办学理念、办学精神在教育实践活动中得到充分体现。湘乡教育在湖南全省教育中占有相当的地位,它取得的成就和存在的不足较好地反映了同时期湖南全省教育的整体面貌,具有一定的典型性和代表性,因此对湘乡教育的个案分析就具有一定的普遍意义。通过对晚清民国时期湘乡教育和当代湘乡教育成就和缺点的对比分析,进一步揭示了晚清民国时期研究湘乡教育的目的在于为当代湘乡教育改革和素质教育的推广提供历史借鉴和精神支持。
[Abstract]:Xiangxiang is a big county in the middle of Hunan Province. In the late Qing Dynasty, especially after the Sino-Japanese War, the people in Xiangxiang, driven by a strong sense of social responsibility and patriotism, took the lead in setting up a new education in modern times and leading the new trend of educational reform in modern times. For more than half a century since then, Xiangxiang people have closely grasped the pulse of the times, seized the opportunity and managed hard, and formed a good atmosphere of running schools in the whole society. Therefore, although modern education started late, it developed rapidly. The education of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China (1895-1949) attracted the attention of the whole province and even the whole country with its distinctive characteristics and remarkable achievements. Among them, primary and secondary education has always been in the leading position in the province, vocational education and adult education also have some notable points, a group of enthusiastic educators and educational achievements can be sung and wept. A group of famous schools with distinctive characteristics are famous both in and outside the province, and advanced educational concepts and practices still have the function of reference and encouragement today. The rise of the modern Hunan army, the spread of the trend of education and national salvation, the promotion of government officials, and the collective efforts of enthusiastically educators are the reasons for the brilliance of education in Xiangxiang in modern times. However, the modern Xiangxiang education in the twists and turns of the difficult development, when suffered setbacks; The development of education is very unbalanced, the difference between primary and secondary education and vocational education, adult education, public school and private school, the difference between the same kind of school, the contradiction between the number of schools and the quality of school is not solved well. The advanced nature and backwardness of education coexist, and the overall level of development is not high. Political instability, social unrest and economic backwardness are the fundamental factors restricting the development of education in Xiangxiang. A number of famous schools in and out of the province in Xiangxiang include Dongshan Jingshe, the first in modern education, and the Dongshan small School of higher Learning, where leaders, generals, poets, and scholars are cradles. Famous educator Luo Chao set up the Tao niche School, which is famous for its bloody education and quality education. Jiang Xianzeng, who destroyed the family for his education, and Chun Yuan Middle School, the only private complete middle school in Xiangxiang, were among the outstanding examples. They have trained a large number of outstanding talents for various industries, which has had a great influence. Their idea and spirit of running a school have been fully reflected in the educational practice. Xiangxiang education plays an important role in the education of Hunan province. Its achievements and shortcomings reflect the whole education of Hunan province in the same period, and it has certain typicality and representativeness. Therefore, the case study of Xiangxiang education has certain universal significance. Through the comparative analysis of the achievements and shortcomings of Xiangxiang education and contemporary Xiangxiang education in the period of the late Qing and the Republic of China, It further reveals that the purpose of studying Xiangxiang education in the late Qing and Republic of China is to provide historical reference and spiritual support for the educational reform and the promotion of quality-oriented education in contemporary Xiangxiang.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：G529
本文编号：2330683
[Abstract]:Xiangxiang is a big county in the middle of Hunan Province. In the late Qing Dynasty, especially after the Sino-Japanese War, the people in Xiangxiang, driven by a strong sense of social responsibility and patriotism, took the lead in setting up a new education in modern times and leading the new trend of educational reform in modern times. For more than half a century since then, Xiangxiang people have closely grasped the pulse of the times, seized the opportunity and managed hard, and formed a good atmosphere of running schools in the whole society. Therefore, although modern education started late, it developed rapidly. The education of the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China (1895-1949) attracted the attention of the whole province and even the whole country with its distinctive characteristics and remarkable achievements. Among them, primary and secondary education has always been in the leading position in the province, vocational education and adult education also have some notable points, a group of enthusiastic educators and educational achievements can be sung and wept. A group of famous schools with distinctive characteristics are famous both in and outside the province, and advanced educational concepts and practices still have the function of reference and encouragement today. The rise of the modern Hunan army, the spread of the trend of education and national salvation, the promotion of government officials, and the collective efforts of enthusiastically educators are the reasons for the brilliance of education in Xiangxiang in modern times. However, the modern Xiangxiang education in the twists and turns of the difficult development, when suffered setbacks; The development of education is very unbalanced, the difference between primary and secondary education and vocational education, adult education, public school and private school, the difference between the same kind of school, the contradiction between the number of schools and the quality of school is not solved well. The advanced nature and backwardness of education coexist, and the overall level of development is not high. Political instability, social unrest and economic backwardness are the fundamental factors restricting the development of education in Xiangxiang. A number of famous schools in and out of the province in Xiangxiang include Dongshan Jingshe, the first in modern education, and the Dongshan small School of higher Learning, where leaders, generals, poets, and scholars are cradles. Famous educator Luo Chao set up the Tao niche School, which is famous for its bloody education and quality education. Jiang Xianzeng, who destroyed the family for his education, and Chun Yuan Middle School, the only private complete middle school in Xiangxiang, were among the outstanding examples. They have trained a large number of outstanding talents for various industries, which has had a great influence. Their idea and spirit of running a school have been fully reflected in the educational practice. Xiangxiang education plays an important role in the education of Hunan province. Its achievements and shortcomings reflect the whole education of Hunan province in the same period, and it has certain typicality and representativeness. Therefore, the case study of Xiangxiang education has certain universal significance. Through the comparative analysis of the achievements and shortcomings of Xiangxiang education and contemporary Xiangxiang education in the period of the late Qing and the Republic of China, It further reveals that the purpose of studying Xiangxiang education in the late Qing and Republic of China is to provide historical reference and spiritual support for the educational reform and the promotion of quality-oriented education in contemporary Xiangxiang.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：G529
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 蒋紫云;清末湖南书院与学堂关系研究[D];湖南大学;2012年
，本文编号：2330683
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