当今世界特殊教育发展的趋向

发布时间：2018-05-05 08:18

本文选题：特殊教育 + 特殊儿童　；参考：《教育导刊》1996年10期

【摘要】：正特殊教育是整个教育体系的一个重要组成部分。发展特殊教育,是衡量一个国家普及教育是否充分,社会是否文明、发达的重要标志之一。近二十年来,世界上许多国家特殊教育有了迅猛的发展,出现了以下几个趋向: 一、特殊教育对象范围逐渐扩大特殊教育是指为特殊儿童、少年学习创设特殊条件和设备,利用特殊手段和方法对其进行的教育。从特殊教育发展的历史来看,特殊教育的对象有扩大的趋势。大约可分为三个阶段:第一阶段的对象主要包括那些由于较严重残障状态而被剥夺就学机会的盲童、聋童、肢体伤残儿童,特殊教育设施的存在是为了保障这些儿童受教育的基本权利。无论是西欧国家、美国、日本或我国,皆无例外,都是从盲聋教育开始发展的。第二阶段则逐渐将对象扩大到已有机会入学但是需要教育上特别扶助的轻度障碍儿童,包括弱智儿童、行为不良儿童、
[Abstract]:Positive special education is an important part of the whole education system. The development of special education is one of the important symbols to measure the adequacy of universal education, the civilization of society and the development of a country. In the past two decades, many countries in the world have witnessed rapid development of special education, and the following trends have emerged: first, the scope of special education has gradually expanded to refer to the creation of special conditions and equipment for special children and adolescents. The use of special means and methods to educate them. From the history of the development of special education, the object of special education has a tendency to expand. It can be divided into three stages: the first stage mainly includes blind children who are deprived of school opportunities because of more severe disabilities, deaf children, physically disabled children, Special educational facilities exist to guarantee these children's fundamental right to education. No matter Western European countries, America, Japan or China, they all developed from blind and deaf education. The second phase is gradually expanding to children with mild disabilities who already have access to school but who need special educational support, including mentally handicapped children and children with behavioural disabilities,
【作者单位】：广州师院教科所
【分类号】：G769.1

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