音乐治疗对智障儿童情绪障碍的干预研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 18:51

本文选题：音乐治疗 + 智障儿童　；参考：《山东艺术学院》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：智障是指大脑受到器质性损伤或由于遗传因素的染色体畸变和基因突变等原因，导致智力明显低于一般人的水平，并显示出适应性行为的障碍。智障儿童因智力因素的影响，受内部的（从脑的发育受阻到高级心理机能的缺陷）和外部的（社会家庭）各种不利条件的影响，智障儿童会产生诸如焦虑、抑郁和躁狂等各种情绪问题，以至于他们不能有效觉察、理解他人的情绪和表情，也不能合理地表达自己的情绪、情感。因而，他们在生活和学习中不能与他人进行必要和合理的沟通，甚至会因交往挫折导致的情绪问题而引发攻击性和自伤等行为。据统计，我国现有智力障碍者1300多万人，其中约有500多万是儿童，虽然关于智障儿童的教育研究取得了卓越的成就，，但目前为止，智障儿童的情绪问题还没有引起人们的足够重视，相应的研究与治疗实践还很欠缺。本研究采用了音乐治疗的方法和手段，对某智障学校的智障儿童进行了情绪干预研究。实验证明，音乐治疗可以有效改善智障儿童的情绪障碍。音乐治疗是音乐治疗师利用各种音乐手段或治疗对象通过参加各种形式的音乐体验活动，达到改善情绪、解除心理问题，促进心理健康发展的一种方法。音乐治疗以其独特的情绪调节和左、右脑协调活动的作用机制，对特殊儿童的精神和心理问题可以产生语言和医学所难以达到的效果。通过音乐与情感的先天联系以及音乐对情绪情感的强大影响力，音乐治疗可以直接作用于人的情感世界和潜意识。在音乐治疗所提供的专业化的、受保护的、安全的心理场中，个体在一系列支持性和互动性的音乐活动中，理解群体环境的有序性和相互关系，并学习对现实刺激做出合理的情绪反应，释放紧张情绪的同时，体验积极情绪和情感并学会自然表达自我需求，并在这一过程中提高对自我的认知和评价。这种效果对智障儿童同样有效，专业化的、有针对性的音乐治疗，可以使智障儿童的不良情绪得到调节、矫正，并能有效培养其积极情绪和情感素养，提升其心理和行为的合理性。本文以具有情绪障碍的智障儿童为研究对象，在对智障儿童和音乐治疗相关理论梳理和讨论的基础上，用音乐治疗的方法进行实证干预研究。五名被试通过为期六个月的音乐治疗训练后，他们的情绪和行为有了很大的变化，尤其是情绪的认知、表达以及控制力等方面得到了明显改善。本实验证明：音乐治疗对轻、中度智障儿童的不良情绪具有调节和改善作用，能够促进轻、中度智障儿童积极情绪的发展；而且通过对这些儿童的治疗治疗干预，其不良行为发生的频率也有不同程度的减少，人际交往能力也能得到一定程度的提高。全文主要包括四个部分。第一部分为理论研究，主要介绍智障儿童的概念、内涵，智障儿童的心理特征和情绪障碍的表现特征及其病因和治疗方法等。第二部分主要讨论了音乐治疗的涵义、作用机制、音乐治疗的方法，以及特殊儿童的音乐治疗的原理和目前流行的体系等理论取向，为智障儿童的情绪干预实施音乐治疗做相关的理论支持。第三部分主要报告了本研究以心理学的实证研究方法，对智障儿童进行的音乐治疗干预研究的过程与结果，并对本研究的实施过程进行了反思。
[Abstract]:Mental retardation refers to the effects of organic damage or genetic factors such as chromosomal aberration and gene mutation , which leads to an apparently lower level of intelligence than a general person and shows an obstacle to adaptive behavior . Children with intellectual disabilities can produce various emotional problems such as anxiety , depression and mania , so that they can not effectively perceive and understand the emotions and expressions of others , nor can they reasonably express their emotions and feelings . Therefore , they can not communicate with others as necessary and reasonable in their lives and studies , and even trigger aggression and self - injury due to emotional problems caused by communicative setbacks .

According to statistics , there are more than 13 million people with intellectual disabilities in our country , of whom some 5 million are children , although the educational research on children with intellectual disabilities has achieved remarkable achievements , so far , the emotional problems of children with intellectual disabilities have not attracted enough attention , and the corresponding research and treatment practice has not been enough . The study has adopted the methods and means of music therapy , and has conducted emotional interventions on children with intellectual disabilities in a mental retardation school . The experiment proves that music therapy can effectively improve the emotional disorder of mentally impaired children .

Music therapy is a way to improve mood , relieve mental problems and promote the development of mental health by taking various musical instruments or therapeutic objects through various forms of music experience .

This paper focuses on the research of children with mental retardation with emotional disorders . On the basis of combing and discussing the theories of mental retardation children and music therapy , the author makes an empirical study on the methods of music therapy . Five subjects who have been tested for six months of music therapy have greatly changed their mood and behavior , especially the cognition , expression and control of emotion .
Moreover , through the treatment and treatment intervention of these children , the frequency of the bad behavior of the children is reduced , and the interpersonal skills can be improved to a certain extent .

In the second part , the author mainly discusses the theory of music therapy , the mechanism of action , the method of music therapy , the principle of music therapy for children with mental retardation and the current popular system , etc . The third part mainly reports the process and result of the research on the intervention of music therapy for children with intellectual disabilities .
【学位授予单位】：山东艺术学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G764

【参考文献】