基于STEM的小学高年级科学课教学设计与应用

发布时间：2018-02-04 12:48

本文关键词： 科学教育 STEM 教学设计跨学科教育　出处：《重庆师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着科学教育的发展,国家越来越重视小学阶段的科学教育,小学自然课更名为科学课,增加了地球空间科学、工程技术科学等内容,传统的教学观念与教学方法已不能满足师生之间教与学的需求。于此同时,国外开始兴起STEM教育,STEM教育是包含科学、技术、工程和数学的跨学科教育,在实践中促进着各学科之间的相互连通。STEM教育中丰富的学科知识与探究性的活动设计既能弥补科学教师学科知识的欠缺,又能满足学生探究性、创造性的学习。本文首先根据我国科学课的现状调查与分析发现科学课中存在教学方法单一;教师自身教学素养欠缺;学生课堂上缺乏质疑精神和学校科学课程评价方式单一等问题。针对这些问题,本论文将利用STEM教育的优势改善科学课程。接下来,通过分析国外经典的STEM教育案例总结出工程项目设计的一般流程:确定问题、制定合理的解决方案、分析解决方案、优化解决方案、交流。将此流程加以整理构建基于STEM的科学课程的教学模式:任务/项目、解决问题的方案、评价/完善、成果、交流与合作,依据此教学模式进行科学教学设计---《降落伞》课程。课程选自教科版小学五年级科学《运动和力》单元,总共3个课时,教学目标是让学生在制作降落伞的过程中学习力学的基本知识,培养学生自主探究、小组协作的能力和提高学生的科学素养,引导学生建立知识与现实生活之间的联系。通过实践发现学生参与这类实践性较强课程的态度非常积极,在课程中学生能够独立进行降落伞制作并积极踊跃地分享自己发现的问题以及解决问题的方法;在汇报中各小组成员积极参与、勇于表现、表达清晰、基本概念掌握熟练,在后期的调查中学生还表达出要进行模型建造以及进行科学实验的愿望。最后总结全文,将STEM教育应用于科学课程中不仅仅是教学方式发生了改变,还丰富了科学课程的教学内容,最重要的是给科学教师带来了巨大的挑战:学科之间的融合代表着教师之间需要进行合作,建立相应的教师团队。
[Abstract]:With the development of science education, the country pays more and more attention to the science education in primary school. The natural course of primary school is renamed as science course, and the contents of earth space science, engineering technology science and so on have been added. Traditional teaching concepts and methods can not meet the needs of teaching and learning between teachers and students. At the same time, the rise of STEM education in foreign countries includes science and technology. The interdisciplinary education of engineering and mathematics, in practice, promotes the interconnectedness of each discipline. STEM education rich subject knowledge and inquiry activity design can make up for the lack of science teachers' subject knowledge. At the same time, it can satisfy the students' inquiring and creative learning. Firstly, according to the investigation and analysis of the present situation of science course in our country, it is found that there is a single teaching method in science class. Teachers' own teaching literacy is deficient; The lack of questioning spirit in the classroom and the single way to evaluate the school science curriculum. In view of these problems, this paper will take advantage of the advantages of STEM education to improve the science curriculum. Through the analysis of foreign classic STEM education cases summed up the general process of engineering project design: to determine the problem, to formulate a reasonable solution, to analyze the solution, to optimize the solution. Communicate. Organize this process to build a teaching model of science courses based on STEM: tasks / projects, problem-solving solutions, evaluation / improvement, results, communication and cooperation. According to this teaching mode, the course of "parachute" is designed. The course is selected from the "movement and force" unit of the fifth grade of primary school, with a total of three class hours. The aim of the teaching is to make students learn the basic knowledge of mechanics in the process of making parachute, to cultivate students' ability to explore independently, to cooperate in groups and to improve students' scientific literacy. To guide students to establish the relationship between knowledge and real life. Through practice, it is found that the attitude of students to participate in this kind of practical courses is very positive. In the course, middle school students can make parachute independently and actively share the problems they find and how to solve them. In the report, the members of the team actively participate, the courage to perform, express clearly, master the basic concepts proficiency. In the later period of the survey, students also expressed the desire to build models and carry out scientific experiments. Finally, the full text is summarized, and the application of STEM education in science curriculum has not only changed the teaching method. It also enriches the teaching contents of science courses, and the most important thing is that it brings great challenges to science teachers: the integration of subjects represents the need for teachers to cooperate and establish a corresponding team of teachers.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.6

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