小学数学教材内容的编排结构分析研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 08:39

本文选题：小学数学 + 教材的结构　；参考：《海南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：基础教育课程改革中教材的改革显得尤为突出,在“一纲多本”为原则基础上,就由教育部最早认可的四种教材而言,其编排内容和编排结构呈现出多样化和个性化。四个版本的新教材则每一册都对四个版块的内容进行了螺旋安排,从而使四个领域的内容整体贯穿于小学数学教材的始终,四个版块的内容都体现了螺旋上升的编排原则。而传统教材中“数与代数”内容比较庞大,占据了小学数学内容的大半部分,甚至更早的教材直接以《代数》作为教材的名称;相较于数与代数,“空间与图形”与“统计与概率”的内容安排的相对较少,或被安排在一册内容里。小学数学教育界尽管对新教材多数采用螺旋上升编排模式,但是教材内容的板块式编排和螺旋式编排的争议一直很大;一线教师也有不同的看法。基于此,本研究将进一步研究这些问题,以期对合理的编排教材带来新的启迪,为进一步的教材分析研究提供依据和佐证。本文综合使用文献法、内容分析法、访谈法和实验法等研究方法分别对文本进行分析;对教师进行访谈;对学生进行检测。基于对当前国内四套教材和国外四套教材的编写结构的研究与对比,从中国小学数学教材改革的发展研究,与国外教材对比的研究,国内现行版本教材的对比研究,教材知识体系板块内排列方式的研究和对教材编排理论的研究五个方面分析教材;通过教材内容的四个板块的呈现,分析了螺旋和板块的跨度和特点;通过量化比较,对课程宽度,课程深度和难度的进行了分析;通过访谈问卷对一线教师进行访谈,了解到关于教材编排对一线教师的影响和遇到的一些问题;对处于不同教学模式下的学生成绩进行分析。本研究得出的最终结论是:(一)根据教学内容和教学目标选取编排方式无论是螺旋式编排还是版块式编排,都取决于不同章节的内容和不同的课程目标。在不违背儿童认知发展规律,不打乱整体知识结构的情况下,寻求两种编排方式的平衡。就小学数学第八册(人民教育出版社)的编排结构进行分析可知,整本教材涵盖了代数,几何,概率等不同版块的知识;但从教材内部的内容编排上看,在小数的意义和小数的加减运算之间加入方向和位置这个章节,这就导致知识结构的不完整,无端的使课程宽度加大,使学生学习起来比较困难。笔者认为该版块应把小数部分的知识作为一个整体来教授,即把小数意义和加减放在一起,方向与位置这个章节往后移,保持知识版块的完整。(二)课程结构编排要寻求课程宽度与深度的平衡依据实验结果发现,当下以螺旋式上升编排教材还存在一些问题。所以教材的编制不是单一的采取某一种编排方式,或是盲目的遵循使用螺旋上升原则来编排。教材的设计要根据其内容的特点选择螺旋或是版块式编排,我们要针对有紧密联系的知识内容采用“窄而深”的结构编排教材即版块式编排;针对大的知识版块,联系不紧密的可采用“广而浅”的编排即螺旋上升编排。以教师学生高效率的教学为衡量标准,寻求两种编排方式之间的平衡,从而优化教材结构。本研究还存在很多问题,如调查对象相对较少,调查区域比较局限,测试的时间跨度不够长等还有很多需要完善的地方。
[Abstract]:The reform of the teaching materials in the curriculum reform of basic education appears particularly prominent. On the basis of the principle of "one class and many books", the arrangement content and arrangement structure of the four textbooks, which are first recognized by the Ministry of education, are diversified and individualized. The four versions of the new textbooks have made a spiral arrangement for the contents of the four blocks. The contents of the four fields are throughout the primary school mathematics teaching materials, and the contents of the four pages all reflect the principle of spiral arrangement. The content of "number and Algebra" in the traditional textbooks is huge, occupying the most part of the mathematics content in primary school, and even earlier teaching materials are directly used as the name of the textbook by "algebra >". Number and algebra, "space and graphics" and "statistics and probability" are relatively less arranged, or are arranged in a volume. Although most of the primary school mathematics education community adopts a spiral pattern of spiral up and arrangement to the new textbook, the dispute of the plate arrangement and spiral arrangement of the contents of the textbook has been very large; the frontline teachers are also different. Based on this, this study will further study these problems in order to bring new enlightenment to reasonable arrangement of teaching materials and provide evidence and evidence for further analysis and research of teaching materials. This paper uses literature, content analysis, interview and experimental methods to analyze the text; interviews with teachers; Based on the research and comparison of the current domestic four sets of textbooks and the writing structure of the four foreign textbooks, the study on the development of the reform of the Chinese primary school mathematics textbooks, the comparison with the foreign textbooks, the comparative study of the current versions of the textbooks in China, the research on the arrangement of the knowledge system in the teaching materials and the theory of the arrangement of the textbooks. This paper studies five aspects of the analysis of the teaching material; through the presentation of the four parts of the teaching material, the span and characteristics of the spiral and plate are analyzed. Through the quantitative comparison, the course width, the depth of the course and the difficulty are analyzed. The interview of the interview to the teachers through the interview questionnaire has solved the influence and the encounter of the teaching material arrangement to the front-line teachers. The final conclusion of this study is: (1) the selection of arrangement according to the teaching content and teaching goal, whether in spiral arrangement or block arrangement, depends on the content of different chapters and the different course objectives. It is not contrary to the development of children's cognition. According to the analysis of the arrangement structure of the eighth books of elementary school mathematics (people's Education Press), the whole textbook covers the knowledge of the different sections of algebra, geometry and probability, but the meaning and the decimal number of the decimal is seen from the contents of the teaching material. The addition of the direction and position between the addition and subtraction is the chapter of the direction and position, which leads to the incomplete knowledge structure, the enlargement of the course width and the difficulty of the students' learning. I think the section should teach the knowledge of the decimal part as a whole, that is, the section of the decimal meaning and addition, the direction and the position. Move forward, keep the integrity of the knowledge block. (two) the curriculum structure arrangement should seek the balance of the width and depth of the curriculum. It is found that there are still some problems in the spiral up of the compilation of the textbook, so the compilation of the textbook is not a single arrangement or blindly following the principle of spiral rise. In accordance with the characteristics of its content, the design of the textbook should choose the spiral or the block arrangement. We should use the "narrow and deep" structure arrangement for the closely related knowledge. High efficiency teaching is the measure standard and the balance between two types of arrangement is sought, so as to optimize the structure of teaching materials. There are still many problems in this study, such as relatively few subjects, limited area of investigation, short time span of testing, and many places to be perfected.

【学位授予单位】：海南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G623.5

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