小学高年级儿童识字相关认知技能与识字能力的关系

发布时间：2018-05-24 18:27

本文选题：汉字识别 + 元语言意识　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：儿童是如何学习汉字的,学习汉字的核心技能是什么?确认影响识字的认知技能很重要。第一,如果能够确定这些认知技能,那么就能通过测验这些认知技能,评估儿童未来遭遇识字困难的可能性。第二,家长和教师就可以通过这些测验来提前干预和矫治识字困难儿童。前人研究发现,多种识字相关认知技能与识字能力有关。目前,元语言意识和快速命名技能一直是国内外研究者关注的重点。本研究选取某小学的四、五、六年级338名学生,测量这些儿童的识字量和各项识字相关认知技能,探究这些两者的关系,研究结论如下:(1)随着年级的增加,小学高年级儿童的语素意识和快速命名技能显著增长,而此阶段儿童的语音意识和正字法意识已经发展较为成熟,发展速度较为缓慢。(2)小学高年级阶段,各项认知技能成绩均与汉字识别成绩存在显著的相关关系,说明元语言加工技能好,字符通达语音能力强的儿童,识字能力越强。(3)控制其他变量后,只有语素意识和快速命名技能对各年级儿童的识字量测验成绩有显著的解释作用,表明语素意识和快速命名技能对小学高年级儿童识字能力具有重要作用。(4)小学高年级阶段,识字困难儿童普遍存在多种认知技能缺陷,其中语素意识和快速命名能力缺陷是主要的两种缺陷。
[Abstract]:How do children learn Chinese characters and what are their core skills? It is important to recognize the cognitive skills that affect literacy. First, if these cognitive skills can be identified, they can be tested to assess the likelihood that children will experience literacy difficulties in the future. Second, parents and teachers can pass these tests to intervene in advance and correct children with literacy difficulties. Previous studies have found that multiple literacy related cognitive skills are related to literacy. At present, meta-language awareness and rapid naming skills have been the focus of researchers at home and abroad. In this study, 338 students in grade 4, 5 and 6 of a primary school were selected to measure the literacy and literacy related cognitive skills of these children, and to explore the relationship between them. The results are as follows: 1) with the increase of grade, The morpheme awareness and rapid naming skills of the children in the senior grade of primary school increased significantly, while the phonological awareness and orthographic awareness of the children in this stage developed more mature, and the speed of development was slow. 2) in the senior grade of primary school, the phonological awareness and orthographic awareness of the children had developed more mature. There was a significant correlation between the scores of cognitive skills and Chinese character recognition, which indicated that children with good metalanguage processing skills and strong character comprehension and phonetic ability had stronger literacy ability. (3) after controlling for other variables, Only morpheme awareness and rapid naming skills can explain the scores of literacy test of children of different grades, indicating that morpheme awareness and rapid naming skills play an important role in the literacy ability of children in the upper grade of primary school. There are many cognitive skills defects in children with literacy difficulties, among which morpheme awareness and rapid naming ability are the two main defects.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.22

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