小学体育生成性教学研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 19:36

本文选题：体育与健康课程改革 + 小学体育　；参考：《江南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：教育作为一个民族最根本的事业,承载着国家和民族的希望,教育教学改革则是推进教育发展的动力和基础。体育课程改革历经几代人的探索与创新,不断赋予其新的时代精神。第八次基础教育体育与健康课程改革(以下简称“新课改”)在历史的传承与创新中逐渐迈入纵深,其“以人为本”和“动态生成”的核心理念对体育教学提出了新的要求和挑战。小学体育作为基础教育的重要组成部分,有着独特的育人价值,又因小学生的身心特点,为生成性体育教学的实施提供了契机。反观小学体育教学现状,由于传统体育教学中存在的僵化的教学思想、机械的教学实践等弊病的巨大惯性,现代体育教学中依然存在着诸如“满堂灌”、“竞技体育式课堂”等“老问题”,同时也衍生出像“满堂问”、“放羊式教学”等“新问题”。无论是这些老问题,亦或这些新问题,从根本上来讲都是与“以人为本”和“动态生成”的核心理念相悖的,从本质上来讲都属于一种“预成性”的体育教学,它严重阻碍了体育教学改革的推进,也严重影响着体育教学内涵与质量的提升。为突破这种瓶颈,体育教学研究迫切需要引入一种新的理论视角,以实现对问题深度地解构与重构。生成作为现代哲学的最强音,其丰富的内涵为体育教学改革提供了理论借鉴。本研究基于以上认识,从人学视域下“人的生成性”这一崭新视角,运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法搜集大量相关研究成果,从理论层面对预成性体育教学及生成性体育教学的本质及特征较为全面地剖析和比较,并结合案例分析法、观察法,从实践层面探究预成性体育教学及生成性体育教学的现状及境遇,力求较为系统的对预成性体育教学中作为学生的“人”的生存样态以及教学的本质进行检视,对生成性思维下的体育教学的内涵、价值、特征及其理念进行探讨,最后基于我国体育课程与教学改革的实际,提出生成性体育教学的实施与策略。通过研究,本文得出以下结论:一、研究认为传统体育教学的问题突出地体现了预成性体育教学特征,其弊端在于一定程度上规避了体育教学的复杂性和不确定性,限制了学生的全面发展,扼制了教师的深度发展,阻碍了体育教学的科学发展,容易形成“单向度的人”。二、生成性体育教学代表着体育教学改革的方向。它是在弹性预设的前提下,以体育活动体验为基础,以师生间的交往互动为手段,注重教学过程的动态性与情境性,为促进学生全面发展为旨归的教学活动。三、生成性体育教学立论于人本主义、建构主义、过程哲学、复杂性等理论基础之上,具有主体生成性、交往互动性、过程情境性、资源偶发性等特征,体现出关注生命的完整性,关注具体、动态的教学过程,关注交往与对话的师生关系,关注偶发性事件的育人价值,关注学生自组织能力的教育理念。四、要实现生成性体育教学,需要学生养成自主意识和发散性思维;需要体育教师在教学中树立反思意识,运用教学智慧对学生进行激发和引导;需要学校重视体育教学,完善对体育教师培训机制,赋予教师教学自主权力;需要实现体育教师教学思维从简单性到复杂性转变,从预成性到生成性的转换;需要在教学中树立“健康第一”、“终身体育”等开放、灵活的体育教学观;需要体育教师角色向引导者、促进者、合作者的转变,塑造一种交往、对话的师生关系;需要体育教师在教学中构造路标式的教学目标,追求弹性化的教学设计,探索灵动性的教学实施,采取情境化的教学评价。
[Abstract]:Education, as the most fundamental cause of a nation, carries the hope of the nation and the nation, and the reform of education and teaching is the motive force and foundation for promoting the development of education. The reform of sports curriculum has endowed its new spirit of the times continuously after several generations of exploration and innovation. The eighth basic education and health curriculum reform (hereinafter referred to as "the new curriculum reform") "") in the history of inheritance and innovation gradually into the depth, the "people-oriented" and "dynamic generation" of the core concept of physical education put forward new requirements and challenges. Primary school sports as an important part of the basic education, has a unique value of education, and because of the physical and mental characteristics of small students, for generative physical education teaching real The present situation of primary school physical education, as a result of the rigid teaching thought in the traditional physical education and the great inertia of the practice of mechanical teaching, still exists in modern sports teaching, such as "full hall irrigation", "competitive sports class" and other "old problems", as well as "full question", " Whether it is these old problems, or these new problems, it is fundamentally contrary to the core concept of "people-oriented" and "dynamic generation". In essence, it belongs to a kind of "prefabricated" physical education. It seriously hinders the promotion of the reform of physical education, and it is also a serious shadow. To improve the connotation and quality of physical education, in order to break through this bottleneck, the research of sports teaching urgently needs to introduce a new theoretical perspective to realize the deep deconstruction and reconstruction of the problems. In the view of human learning, the new perspective of "human generation" is a new perspective. It uses the literature method and logical analysis to collect a large number of relevant research results. It analyzes and compares the essence and characteristics of preadult physical education and generative physical education from the theoretical level, and combines case analysis, observation and practice. The present situation and situation of the teaching of sexual physical education and generative physical education strive for a systematic examination of the existence and nature of the "human" as a student and the essence of the teaching in the pre adult teaching, and discuss the connotation, value, characteristics and reason of the physical education under the generative thinking. Finally, it is based on the physical education curriculum and teaching in China. The practice and strategy of the generative teaching of physical education are put forward. Through the study, the following conclusions are drawn. First, the research thinks that the problems of traditional sports teaching highlight the characteristics of preadult physical education, and the disadvantages of which are to avoid the complexity and uncertainty of physical education to a certain extent and limit the overall development of the students. The exhibition has prevented the deep development of teachers, hindered the scientific development of physical education and easily formed a "one way person". Two, generative physical education represents the direction of the reform of physical education. It is based on the precondition of elastic presupposition, based on the experience of sports activities, and with the interaction and interaction between teachers and students as a means to pay attention to the dynamics of the teaching process. Three, generative physical education, on the basis of humanism, constructivism, process philosophy and complexity, has the characteristics of subjectivity, interaction, process situation and resources, which embodies the integrity and concern of life. The dynamic teaching process pays close attention to the relationship between teachers and students in communication and dialogue, pays attention to the educating value of occasional events and pays attention to the educational idea of students' self-organizing ability. Four, to realize generative physical education, students need to develop self-consciousness and divergent thinking, and the teachers should set up the consciousness of reflection and use the wisdom of teaching to the students. It is necessary to pay attention to the teaching of physical education, to improve the training mechanism of physical education teachers, to give teachers the independent power of teaching, and to realize the transformation of physical education teachers' teaching thinking from simplicity to complexity, from predominance to generative transformation, and to set up "health first" and "lifelong sports" in teaching and to be open and flexible. The concept of physical education needs the role of PE teachers to guide, promoters, and collaborators, to shape a kind of communication and dialogue between teachers and students; to construct the teaching goal of road signs in teaching, to pursue the flexible teaching design, to explore the implementation of the flexible teaching, and to take a situational teaching evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G623.8

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