1927-1937年山西小学教育研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 08:21

【摘要】：初等教育是国民教育之基础,但同时兼顾职业准备与升学准备两方面。职业准备之目标,在使无力升学者便于就业,然以不妨碍有力升学者之进行为度。在山西,阎锡山把小学划为初小与高小,初小四年为义务教育,强制教育,合格者继续升学,学习不合格者从事职业教育,而职业教育往往附设在高小中。小学教师的作用更显得弥足重要,小学教育的优劣直接影响到社会的发展。本文旨在研究民国时期山西小学教育的管理模式,山西小学教师的师资培养,山西小学教育的督导制度,山西小学教育与社会的关系。民国时期,阎锡山在山西推行了一系列教育改革制度,包括推行新学制,执行新的教育宗旨,以及改进管理模式,都使得学校的教学效率大大提高。但是,遇到了师资严重不足,教师待遇低,乡村与城市教师素质相差较大,以及经费缺乏等问题。针对这些状况,山西地方政府一方面建立师范学校来大力培养合格的师资,另一方面通过创办教师暑期提高班,完善聘任及鉴定教师制度,提高教师薪资以及推广教育周刊,提高教师的眼界及对于新教育的培训,加大对不合格教师的改造,改善教师的待遇现状,使得教学质量大大改善。其后,针对学校行政系统管理混乱,以及乡村学校全由乡绅及村长把持的现象,通过完善督导制度,对小学的方方面面进行督导。一方面解决了师范生的就业问题,另一方面提高了学校的社会信任度。由于学校与社会的密切关系,更使我们了解到学校的重要性。山西通过加大教育经费的投入,完善对经费使用的管理,以及不断对私塾进行改良,为山西的基础教育做出了一定贡献。
[Abstract]:Primary education is the foundation of national education, but at the same time, both vocational preparation and entrance preparation are taken into account. The goal of career preparation is to facilitate the employment of disabled students without hindering the ability of those who are able to pursue their studies. In Shanxi, Yan Xishan classifies primary school as elementary school and high primary school, and primary school is compulsory education for four years, compulsory education, qualified people continue to go to school, those who study unqualified are engaged in vocational education, and vocational education is often attached to high middle school. The role of primary school teachers is even more important, the advantages and disadvantages of primary education directly affect the development of society. The purpose of this paper is to study the management mode of Shanxi primary education during the Republic of China, the teacher training of Shanxi primary school teachers, the supervision system of Shanxi primary school education, and the relationship between Shanxi primary school education and society. During the period of the Republic of China, Yan Xishan carried out a series of educational reform systems in Shanxi, including the implementation of a new school system, the implementation of a new educational purpose, and the improvement of the management model, all of which greatly improved the teaching efficiency of the school. However, some problems have been encountered, such as serious shortage of teachers, low treatment of teachers, big difference between rural and urban teachers' quality, and lack of funds. In view of these conditions, on the one hand, the local government of Shanxi has set up normal schools to train qualified teachers, on the other hand, by setting up summer teacher classes, improving the system of hiring and appraising teachers, increasing teachers' salaries, and popularizing educational weekly, Improve teachers' vision and training for new education, increase the transformation of unqualified teachers, improve the current situation of teachers' treatment, and make the teaching quality greatly improved. Subsequently, in view of the confusion of the school administration system and the fact that the rural schools are under the control of the squire and the village chief, the supervision system is improved to supervise all aspects of the primary school. On the one hand, it solves the problem of normal students' employment, on the other hand, it improves the social trust of the school. The close relationship between school and society makes us realize the importance of school. Shanxi has made some contributions to Shanxi's basic education by increasing the input of educational funds, perfecting the management of the use of funds, and constantly improving private schools.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G629.29;K263

【参考文献】