体育课不同运动负荷对小学生体质健康影响的实验研究

发布时间：2018-07-31 14:02

【摘要】：青少年体质下降问题一直未得到有效的遏制,而造成这一现象的因素是多方面的,其中体育课运动负荷安排的合理与否是较为重要的影响因素之一。就现有研究成果来看,国内外学者对青少年学生体育课运动负荷做了大量的研究,对其有了较为透彻的认知,这对本文的研究具有一定的指导意义。但从国内的研究成果来看,主要侧重于体育课运动负荷安排现状的调查研究,较少有深入的实验研究。就国外研究成果来看,虽然对运动负荷有大量的实验研究,但缺乏对学生体育课适宜运动负荷量化标准的研究。为了解决目前研究成果存在的这些不足,本文以此为切入点,试图通过本文的调查研究了解上海市小学生体育课中运动负荷安排的现状,在此基础上进行体育课不同运动负荷对小学生体质健康影响的实验研究,试图探讨适宜小学生体质健康促进的运动负荷标准。本文采用文献资料法、调查法、实验法以及数理统计法等研究方法,在对上海市常态体育课和优质体育课运动负荷进行现场测试调查的基础上,选取了上海市奉贤区教师进修学院附属实验小学五年级4个平行班的120名学生作为实验对象,开展了此论文的研究工作,得出如下结果：1.调查结果：(1)常态体育课：19节常态体育课中学生的心率指数范围在1.1—1.8之间,平均值是1.4；练习密度在28%-66%之间,平均值是45%；(2)优质体育课：27节优质体育课中学生的心率指数在1.2—1.7之间,平均值是1.4。练习密度在15%—62%之间,平均值是43%。从27节优质体育课中抽测7节,这7节课上MVPA时间超过50%的只有3节课,占总数的42%,其中还有一节课是低于40%。2.实验研究结果：(1)对照班学生的身高、体重、肺活量、坐位体前屈、身体质量指数、体脂百分比、肥胖率在实验前后存在显著性差异(P0.05),而握力不存在显著性差异。身高、肺活量、坐位体前屈均有所提升,体重、握力、身体质量指数、体脂百分比、肥胖率均有所下降。(2)实验1班(小强度班)学生的身高、肺活量、握力、坐位体前屈、身体质量指数、体脂百分比、肥胖率在实验前后存在显著性差异(P0.05),而体重不存在显著性差异。身高、肺活量、握力、坐位体前屈均有所提升,体重、身体质量指数、体脂百分比、肥胖率均有所下降。(3)实验2班(中强度班)学生的身高、体重、肺活量、握力、坐位体前屈、身体质量指数、体脂百分比、肥胖率在实验前后存在显著性差异(P0.05)。身高、体重、肺活量、握力、坐位体前屈均有所提升,身体质量指数、体脂百分比、肥胖率均有所下降。(4)实验3班(大强度班)学生的身高、肺活量、坐位体前屈、体脂百分比、肥胖率在实验前后存在显著性差异(P0.05),而体重、握力和身体质量指数不存在显著性差异。身高、肺活量、握力、坐位体前屈均有所提升,体重、身体质量指数、体脂百分比、肥胖率均有所下降。(5)在中期测试中,肺活量在实验2班与对照班、试验2班与实验1班之间以及实验1班和实验3班之间存在显著性差异(P0.05)。在实验后期测试中,握力、肺活量、坐位体前屈在对照班和实验班各班之间存在显著性差异(P0.05)。通过对调查和实验结果进行分析和讨论,得出如下结论：1.无论是常规体育课运动负荷,还是优质体育课运动负荷均呈现出偏低的现象,且缺乏对运动负荷的监控。2.不同运动负荷强度的体育课对小学生的体质健康影响程度不同。小强度和大强度的体育课对小学生的体质健康促进效果不理想,中强度的体育课对小学生的体质健康促进效果较佳。3.11-13岁小学生体育课适宜运动负荷强度的心率范围是129-151次／分。针对以上结论,本文建议：在小学体育教学过程中,教师可以把学生进行运动的心率控制在129-151次／分之间。体育教师在备课时,对学生课中的运动负荷进行预设,并能在体育课中对学生的运动负荷强度进行适时的调控；为了更好的监控学生体育课中的运动负荷,学校购买可监控学生运动时心率的设备。
[Abstract]:The problem of teenagers' physical decline has not been effectively checked, and the factors that cause this phenomenon are multifaceted, among which the physical load arrangement in physical education is one of the most important factors. It has a more thorough understanding, which is of certain guiding significance to the study of this article. But from the domestic research results, it mainly focuses on the investigation and Research on the current situation of sports load arrangement in physical education class, and there is less in-depth experimental research. In order to solve the shortcomings of the current research results, this paper tries to understand the current situation of the sports load arrangement in the primary school physical education in Shanghai, and on this basis, the physical health of the pupils in the physical education class is on the basis of this investigation. This paper tries to explore the standard of exercise load suitable for the physical and health promotion of primary school students. This paper adopts the methods of literature, investigation, experiment and mathematical statistics, and selects the Fengxian District teaching in Shanghai city on the basis of the field test investigation of the normal physical education and high quality physical education in Shanghai. 120 students of 4 parallel classes in grade five of the Experimental Primary School Affiliated to the teacher's college were studied. The results were as follows: 1.: (1) normal physical education: the heart rate index of middle school students in 19 normal physical classes ranged from 1.1 to 1.8, and the average value was 1.4; the exercise density was between 28%-66%, The average value is 45%; (2) high quality PE class: the heart rate index of middle school students in 27 high quality sports classes is between 1.2 and 1.7, the average value is 1.4. practice density between 15% and 62%, the average is 43%. from 27 section of high quality physical education to test 7 knots, this 7 class MVPA time more than 50% of only 3 class, accounting for the total of 42%, of which another lesson is below the 40. %.2. experimental results were as follows: (1) there was a significant difference between the control class students' height, weight, vital capacity, sitting body forward flexion, body mass index, body fat percentage, and obesity rate before and after the experiment (P0.05), but there was no significant difference in the grip strength. Height, vital capacity, body weight, body mass index, body fat, body mass index, body weight, body fat were 100%. The obesity rate decreased. (2) the height, vital capacity, grip strength, sitting body forward flexion, body mass index, body fat percentage and obesity rate were significantly different before and after the experiment (P0.05), but there was no significant difference in body weight, weight, body weight, body weight, body forward flexion. Mass index, body fat percentage and obesity rate decreased. (3) the height, body weight, vital capacity, grip strength, sitting body forward flexion, body mass index, body fat percentage and obesity rate were significantly different before and after the experiment (P0.05). The height, weight, vital capacity, grip strength, body weight, body mass were improved and the body quality was improved. Index, body fat percentage and obesity rate decreased. (4) there was significant difference in height, vital capacity, front flexion, body fat percentage and obesity rate before and after the experiment (P0.05), but there was no significant difference between body weight, grip strength and body mass index. Height, vital capacity, grip strength, and sitting body forward flexion were all mentioned Weight, body mass index, body mass index, body fat percentage and obesity rate decreased. (5) in the mid-term test, there was a significant difference between the 2 class and the control class, the 2 class and the experiment 1, the 1 class and the 3 class (P0.05). In the post test, the grip strength, the vital capacity, the sitting body flexion in the control class and the experiment There are significant differences between classes (P0.05). Through the analysis and discussion of the results of the investigation and experiment, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. no matter whether it is the normal physical education exercise load, or the high quality physical education exercise load is on the low side, and the sports load is lack of monitoring.2. sports load intensity of physical education to primary school The effects of physical health on physical health are different. Small intensity and intensity of physical education are not ideal for the physical health of primary school students. The effect of middle intensity physical education on the physical health of primary school students is better than that of 129-151 years. The heart rate range of the appropriate exercise load intensity is 129-151 times. It is suggested that in the course of primary school physical education, teachers can control the heart rate of the students in 129-151 times. Exercise load, school purchase can monitor students' heart rate during exercise.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G623.8

【相似文献】