独体字规范与独体字教学研究

发布时间：2018-07-31 16:26

【摘要】：2009年3月,教育部、国家语言文字工作委员会发布了《现代常用独体字规范》(GF0013-2009)这一文件。该规范规定了现代汉字中256个常用的独体字,给出了《现代常用独体字表》,并表示“该规范适用于识字教育、辞书编纂”,实际上更多地是应用于小学识字教育领域。但这份规范性字表中所收的256个常用独体字却在学界备受争议。与此同时发布的另一规范《现代常用字部件及部件名称规范》(GF0014-2009),通过分析3500个常用汉字,给出了311个《常用成字部件表》。独体字与基础成字部件的关系十分契合,二者概念大致相同,适用领域相同,但却有着57个字的差异,这其中存在诸多矛盾之处。对于独体字的界定和收字标准,学界历来颇多差异,各家所归纳的独体字表纷繁不一,收字上也有很大出入。针对小学识字教学,如何分析并确定现代常用独体字,如何根据小学生学习认知心理制定合理的独体字规范,如何根据独体字原理开展小学低年级汉字教学成为本文需要解决的主要问题。本文针对国家出台的几个有关独体字的规范和独体字教学两方面展开研究。论文首先对《现代常用独体字规范》和《现代常用部件及部件名称规范》进行对比分析,理清其矛盾所在和形成原因,然后以2013年国务院发布的《通用规范汉字表》中的一级常用字表为收字范围,在汉字构形系统理论的指导下,针对小学识字教学,分析3500个现代常用汉字中的独体字。并以此为基础,分析统计《新课标》(人教版)小学语文教材1-6年级课本所有生字中独体字的分布情况以及构字状况,为独体字的教学提出参考意见。
[Abstract]:In March 2009, the Ministry of Education, the National working Committee on languages and characters, issued the document GF0013-2009. This specification stipulates 256 common single characters in modern Chinese characters, and gives the list of modern common single characters, and expresses that "this standard is applicable to literacy education and lexicography", in fact, it is more applied in the field of primary school literacy education. However, 256 commonly used monographs in this normative list are controversial in academic circles. At the same time, another specification, GF0014-2009, is published. By analyzing 3500 common Chinese characters, a list of common character components is given. The relationship between monographs and basic characters is very consistent. The two concepts are roughly the same and the fields of application are the same, but there are 57 different characters, among which there are many contradictions. There are many differences in the definition and standard of single-type characters in academic circles. In view of the teaching of primary school literacy, how to analyze and determine the common characters used in modern times, and how to make reasonable individual character standard according to the pupils' cognitive psychology, How to carry out the teaching of Chinese characters in the lower grade of primary school according to the principle of single character has become the main problem to be solved in this paper. In this paper, the state issued several standardised and single-type teaching two aspects of the study. Firstly, this paper makes a comparative analysis of "Modern Common single character Standard" and "Modern Common parts and parts name Specification", and clarifies the contradiction and the reasons for its formation. Then, based on the first class regular character table published by the State Council in 2013, under the guidance of the Chinese character configuration system theory, this paper analyzes the single type characters in 3500 Chinese characters in common use in primary school teaching under the guidance of the theory of Chinese character configuration system. On the basis of this, this paper analyzes the distribution and construction situation of all the characters in primary school Chinese textbooks in grades 1-6 of the New Curriculum Standard, and puts forward some suggestions for the teaching of single-type characters.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G623.22

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