儿童基本动作发展序列研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 16:47

【摘要】：动作的序列能直观的反映在某个时间段内动作发展的情况。基础动作发展的状况可以影响人一生的成长,跑、跳、投作为各项运动的基础,对于其他各个项目动作发展也具有参考价值,少儿田径的教学内容也是针对儿童的跑、跳、投能力的发展,因此,本研究是利用动作发展序列理论,详细分析了在少儿田径的教学环境下6-7岁儿童跑跳投基本动作的发展状况。本研究在北京市开展少儿田径的小学中随机抽取一年级某一个班共40名6-7岁儿童,进行为期四个月的跟踪录像,录像内容只针对田径课。录像结束后逐帧观察学生上课视频,总结出跑跳投项目中不同个体所表现的不同动作模式,找出共有的特征,整理总结出此学期内的动作序列。并利用文献资料法、录像分析法、趋势外推法、纵向研究法和序列法得出以下结论:(1)从跑步动作发展序列来看,跑的动作发展最为快速,动作发展最为成熟。部分动作的组合模式多样,个体之间差异大,肢体与躯干间相互联系不紧密。教师在教导学生跑步姿势上可以用成人的标准去要求学生,以现代跑步技术动作的标准去规范学生的动作。(2)立定跳与三级跳的跳跃动作在跑跳投三种动作中发展速度最慢,动作发展最不成熟,四个月前后动作变化不大。部分动作组合模式少,部分动作间联系紧密。因此,对于跳的动作的教学教师不应操之过急,动作的变化会随着学生身体的生长发育及力量的增强而逐步改善。(3)投掷动作整体动作较成熟,动作的发展速度在三种能力里居中。部分动作的组合模式最少,四肢与躯干联系最为紧密。对于一年级儿童在投掷动作的教学上,教师应更多的关注与教导学生自下而上的发力顺序上,以及投掷动作的流畅性上,而不需要过多关注投掷的远度,因为一年级儿童不管是投掷力量还是爆发力上都处于较弱的程度,而这些都是可以随着年龄的增长而加强的。(4)除去动作本身发展的规律之外,儿童自身的运动基础与接受程度,教师的教学方法与技术示范,是影响儿童动作发展的两个重要因素,因此,有必要在今后的教学中统一教师的教法与教学示范,以及对于学生进行因材施教。
[Abstract]:The sequence of actions can directly reflect the development of the action within a certain period of time. The development of basic movements can affect the growth, running, jumping, and casting of people throughout their lives. It is also of reference value for the development of other sports. The teaching content of children's track and field is also aimed at children's running and jumping. Therefore, based on the theory of action development sequence, this study analyzes the development of 6-7 years old children's basic movements in the teaching environment of children's track and field in detail. In this study, 40 children aged 6-7 years were randomly selected from a first grade class in a primary school in Beijing to track and field for a period of four months. The content of the video was only for track and field lessons. At the end of the video, we observe the video of students in class frame by frame, sum up the different action patterns of different individuals in the jump project, find out the common characteristics, and sort out the sequence of actions in this semester. The results are as follows: (1) from the view of running movement development sequence, the movement development is the most rapid and the movement development is the most mature. The combination patterns of some movements are various, the differences between individuals are great, and the relationship between limbs and torso is not close. In teaching students running posture, teachers can use adult standards to require students to regulate students' movements according to the standard of modern running techniques. (2) the jump movements of standing jump and three-level jump are the slowest of the three movements. The movement development is the least mature, the movement before and after four months change little. Part of the action combination mode is less, part of the action is closely related. Therefore, the teaching teachers of jumping should not act too hastily, the change of movement will be improved gradually with the growth and development of students' body and strength. (3) the whole action of throwing is more mature. The speed of movement develops in the middle of three abilities. The combined mode of some movements is the least, and the limbs and torso are most closely related. For the first grade children in the teaching of throwing movements, teachers should pay more attention to and teach students the bottom-up power order, as well as the fluency of throwing movements, and do not need to pay too much attention to the distance of throwing. This is because the first-grade children are both in a weaker degree of throwing power or explosive power, and these can be strengthened with age. (4) apart from the law of the development of the movement itself, the children's own sports foundation and acceptance degree. Teachers' teaching methods and technical demonstration are two important factors that affect the development of children's movements. Therefore, it is necessary to unify teachers' teaching methods and teaching models in future teaching, and to teach students according to their aptitude.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.8

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