小学低年级口算教学策略研究

发布时间：2018-12-15 12:43

【摘要】：口算能力是小学生数学学习中重点掌握的一项技能,提高低年级小学生的口算能力,对于小学生的长远发展具有重要的现实意义,也是小学数学教学的重要目标之一。本文的研究内容主要是在详细梳理国内外已有的研究成果的基础上,以低年级的小学生为主要调查和研究对象,通过问卷调查法,搜集整理数据资料,全面分析小学低年级口算教学的现状,在对数据结果的分析说明后,总结归纳出小学低年级口算教学存在的问题,并深入分析出现这些问题的原因,进而提出一些具体可行的口算教学策略。最后以C市Q校的低年级口算教学情况为案例展开了个案分析,获取了较为有效具体可行的口算教学经验。本文的研究方法,在研究以及探索的过程中,主要采用了文献研究法、归纳总结法、问卷调查法、案例分析法和观察访谈法等多种方法展开研究。本文通过对调查数据的整理和分析,总结出目前小学低年级口算教学的现状,找出了小学低年级口算教学存在的问题,并进一步分析了存在问题的原因,具体结果如下:小学低年级口算教学成绩表现在:其一,教学意识逐步增强,观念更新频率较高;其二,教学过程渐成系统,口算技巧不断出新;其三,教师角色不断变化,“传授者——创造者”改变。小学低年级口算教学存在的问题主要有:重结果轻算理问题突出,课堂教学方法亟待改善;口算的训练方式不丰富,学生口算能力提升缓慢;口算学习习惯难以养成,填鸭式教学影响积极性;口算教学效果评价方式过于单一,影响教学效果切实提升。而出现这些问题的原因则主要包括:心理原因、非智力原因和教师自身原因。本文还提出了一些具体可行的口算教学策略,如:重视算理,掌握技巧;科学训练,巩固提高;端正态度,培养习惯;重视估算,提高能力;及时评价,保持兴趣等。在此基础上,还以C市Q校口算教学的实际情况作为具体的案例进行分析和论述,详细分析C市Q校口算教学存在的问题和原因,提出解决对策,丰富和完善相关内容,以期为小学低年级的数学教师开展口算教学提供一定的借鉴或启发。
[Abstract]:Oral arithmetic ability is a key skill in elementary school students' mathematics learning. It is of great practical significance for the long-term development of pupils and one of the important goals of primary school mathematics teaching to improve the oral arithmetic ability of elementary school students. The research content of this paper is mainly on the basis of combing the existing research results at home and abroad in detail, taking the primary school students in the lower grade as the main investigation and research object, collecting and arranging the data through the method of questionnaire. After the analysis of the data results, the paper summarizes and summarizes the problems existing in the teaching of oral calculation in the lower grade of primary school, and deeply analyzes the reasons for these problems. And then put forward some concrete and feasible oral calculation teaching strategies. Finally, a case study on the teaching of oral calculation in the lower grade of Q school in C city is carried out, and some practical and effective teaching experiences are obtained. In the course of research and exploration, this paper mainly adopts the methods of literature research, induction and summary, questionnaire, case analysis and observation and interview. Based on the analysis of the investigation data, this paper summarizes the present situation of oral calculation teaching in the lower grade of primary school, finds out the problems existing in the teaching of mouth calculation in the lower grade of primary school, and further analyzes the reasons for the problems. The results are as follows: first, the teaching consciousness is gradually strengthened, and the frequency of concept renewal is higher; Second, the teaching process is gradually becoming a system, and the skills of oral calculation are constantly emerging; third, the teacher's role is constantly changing, and the "teacher-creator" changes. The main problems of oral calculation teaching in the lower grade of primary school are as follows: the emphasis on results is prominent, the classroom teaching method needs to be improved urgently, the training method of oral calculation is not abundant, and the students' ability of calculating is improving slowly. It is difficult to form the habit of oral calculation study, and the cramming teaching affects the enthusiasm, and the evaluation method of the oral calculation teaching effect is too single, which can effectively improve the teaching effect. The causes of these problems include: psychological reasons, non-intellectual reasons and teachers themselves. This paper also puts forward some concrete and feasible oral arithmetic teaching strategies, such as paying attention to calculation, mastering skills, scientific training, consolidating and improving, correct attitude, cultivating habits, attaching importance to estimation, improving ability, timely evaluation, keeping interest and so on. On this basis, taking the actual situation of Q school calculation teaching in C city as a concrete case, this paper analyzes in detail the problems and causes of Q school calculation teaching in C city, and puts forward some countermeasures to enrich and perfect the relevant contents. In order to provide some reference or inspiration for mathematics teachers in the lower grade of primary school to carry out oral arithmetic teaching.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.5

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