1901-1945年间黑龙江初等教育发展研究

发布时间：2018-12-15 21:32

【摘要】：黑龙江地区曾经作为清王朝的发祥地,一直被清王朝的“恩养”政策保护,实行封禁,不允许汉人迁入开荒垦地;又因其处于中国最北端偏远之地,与关内互通往来受到地理位置限制,综其二者因素,黑龙江在政治、经济、文化上相对关内落后许多,并且对于关内汉族文化教育了解甚少。直至清廷将受罚文人流放至此,才让黑龙江地区的百姓接触到关内儒家文化,从而有了儒家文化与教育的“星星之火”。虽然“流人”文化带动了黑龙江地区传统教育的发展,但此时黑龙江传统教育相比较于关内也是落后的。直到清末新政之际,新式教育的兴起才使得黑龙江教育开始进入近现代教育的新阶段,而这一时期的初等教育萌芽就是黑龙江地区新式教育的总序幕。时至民国初期,黑龙江地区初等教育经历了稳健迅猛的发展,一度达到顶峰。然而发展的道路总是曲折的,1931年九一八事变后,黑龙江地区被日本、伪满统治,接受长达14年的殖民奴化教育,在被殖民被侵略的状况下艰难发展。短短45年间随着黑龙江地区经历的政权的三次变更,初等教育的发展也是跌宕起伏的。本文的第一部分为绪论,作为全文第一章。主要是对1901-1945年间黑龙江地区初等教育方面的现有研究成果进行归纳和分析,指出其存在的不足之处,并对本题的选题缘由及其学术意义、写作目进行了说明,同时提出本文创新点以及不足之处。第二部分为正文,共分为三章。正文从第二章开始:第二章主要从1901-1911年间清末新政时期的黑龙江初等教育情况入手,对史料进行参考和对比分析,客观地研究黑龙江的初等教育初创的社会基础、初等教育状况及其存在的特点等问题;第三章主要是叙述1912年至1931年间,黑龙江初等教育在初创基础之上的快速发展时期,对此期间的初等教育发展环境以及初等教育制度等方面内容进行研究,探析该历史时期初等教育快速发展的特点。第四章通过对黑龙江沦陷时期,日伪奴化教育的研究,分析此时期黑龙江初等教育发展缓慢的特点。第五章是通过对1901-1945年间黑龙江地区初等教育发展过程的梳理,分析黑龙江地区初等教育多元化、殖民性等特点,进而对黑龙江初等教育的发展进行反思。最后一部分为本文结论部分,是基于对黑龙江初等教育发展历史、特点的梳理与分析后做出的总结。
[Abstract]:Heilongjiang was once the birthplace of the Qing Dynasty. It was always protected by the Qing Dynasty's "Endowment" policy and banned, and the Han people were not allowed to move into the wasteland. Because it is located in the far north of China, the communication with the customs is restricted by the geographical position, the two factors are comprehensive, Heilongjiang is far behind in politics, economy and culture, and has little understanding of the Han nationality culture and education. It was not until the Qing Dynasty put the punished literati into exile that the common people in Heilongjiang came into contact with the Confucian culture of Guan Nai, and thus there was a spark of Confucian culture and education. Although the culture of "wandering people" has driven the development of traditional education in Heilongjiang area, it is also backward in comparison with the traditional education in the region. It was not until the New deal in the late Qing Dynasty that the rise of new-style education made Heilongjiang education enter a new stage of modern education, and the germination of primary education in this period was the general prelude of new-style education in Heilongjiang region. At the beginning of the Republic of China, primary education in Heilongjiang Province experienced steady and rapid development, which once reached its peak. However, the road of development was always tortuous. After the September 18th incident in 1931, the Heilongjiang region was ruled by Japan, and received 14 years of colonial enslavement education. In just 45 years, with three regime changes in Heilongjiang, the development of primary education is also ups and downs. The first part of this paper is the introduction, as the first chapter of the full text. This paper mainly sums up and analyzes the existing research results of primary education in Heilongjiang from 1901-1945, points out their shortcomings, and explains the reason and academic significance of this topic, as well as the writing items. At the same time, this paper points out the innovation and shortcomings. The second part is divided into three chapters. The second chapter mainly starts with the primary education of Heilongjiang during the late Qing Dynasty and New deal period from 1901-1911, and makes a reference and comparative analysis of historical data, and objectively studies the social foundation of the establishment of primary education in Heilongjiang. (B) the situation of primary education and its characteristics; The third chapter mainly describes the period of rapid development of primary education in Heilongjiang province from 1912 to 1931, and studies the development environment and system of primary education during this period. This paper probes into the characteristics of the rapid development of primary education in this historical period. Chapter four analyzes the characteristics of the slow development of primary education in Heilongjiang during the period of the fall of Heilongjiang and the education of Japanese and pseudo-serfdom. The fifth chapter is through combing the development process of primary education in Heilongjiang from 1901-1945, analyzes the characteristics of diversification and colonization of primary education in Heilongjiang, and then reflects on the development of primary education in Heilongjiang. The last part is the conclusion of this paper, which is based on the summary of the history and characteristics of Heilongjiang primary education development.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：G629.29

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