吕思勉《新式高等小学国文教科书》初探
发布时间：2019-02-12 21:52
【摘要】：民国是革故鼎新的时代,是大师云集的时代,也是教科书发展的黄金时期。了解民国时代教科书的发展脉络,可以帮助我们更好地了解过去,把握当下,展望未来。本文以吕思勉先生主持编写的《新式高等小学国文教科书》为研究对象,梳理和分析了该著及配套的《教授书》所体现的编写原则、取舍标准、思想呈现、教学理念与方法等,并总结探讨了本套教科书的现代启示和意义。正文分以下四个部分:一、编写原则与取舍标准。在编写宗旨方面,该教材坚持“授以切于实用之文字,养成发表思想之能力;修炼语言;辅导智德”,摒弃了前清“忠孝节义”的封建思想,代之以独立、自由、平等、博爱的民主思想。编写体例方面,该教材“各册不规定同样之课数,以教材之深浅,为排列之先后。以文字之长短,及内容之繁简,分配授课之时间。”文体多样,图文并茂。在选材上,涵盖了“修身”、“历史”等六大部分,强调了学科间的联系和统一,富有时代前瞻性。二、内容倾向及思想呈现。在内容编选方面,《国文教科书》注重与时代紧密结合,具有注重独立、健全人格的养成,破除迷信、弘扬健康的生活方式,开拓眼界、介绍外域文化等特点。同时,该教材还具有通过军国民教育以弘扬爱国传统、借助历史故事以引导家国情怀、提倡实利主义以宣扬爱国思想、选取他国事件以启发爱国热忱等特点。三、教学理念与教学方法。依据教材及《教授书》的说明和要求,本文认为该著所提倡的自动主义教育法、注重探究性训练、重视文体教学、注重课堂实践等科学合理,具有重要的参鉴意义。四、吕思勉《新式高等小学国文教科书》的现代启示。这套由吕思勉先生亲自执笔编写的教科书,顺应时代潮流,体现了时代精神,时至今日,教科书的许多理念、教法、学法仍值得我们借鉴和学习,给后人以诸多启示。这主要表现在:综合素养:应重视学生人文素养的养成;教材编写:要紧跟时代步伐,反映现代科技成果;实践能力:应强调对学生生活能力的培养;阅读方法:默读涵泳,重在启迪学生思维等。
[Abstract]:The Republic of China is an era of innovation, a gathering of masters, and a golden period of textbook development. Understanding the development of textbooks in the Republic of China can help us better understand the past, grasp the present and look to the future. In this paper, the author takes the Chinese textbook of New Type higher Primary School, which is written by Mr. Lu Simian, as the research object, combing and analyzing the writing principle, the choice standard, the thought presentation, the teaching idea and the method embodied in the book and the related "Professor's Book". It also summarizes and discusses the modern enlightenment and significance of this set of textbooks. The text is divided into the following four parts: first, writing principles and criteria. In terms of the purpose of compiling the textbook, the textbook adheres to "teaching practical words, developing the ability to express ideas, and practicing language;" He abandoned the feudal thought of loyalty, filial piety and filial piety in the former Qing Dynasty and replaced it with the democratic thought of independence, freedom, equality and fraternity. In terms of writing style, each volume does not specify the same number of classes, and the teaching materials are arranged in order of depth and depth. The length of the text, the complexity of the content, the allocation of teaching time. " The style is diverse, the picture and the text are luxuriant. In the selection of materials, including "self-cultivation", "history" and other six parts, emphasizing the relationship and unity between disciplines, rich in the times forward-looking. Second, the content tendency and thought present. In the aspect of content compilation and selection, Chinese textbook is closely combined with the times and has the characteristics of paying attention to independence, improving personality, breaking down superstition, carrying forward healthy way of life, opening up horizons, introducing foreign cultures, and so on. At the same time, the textbook also has the characteristics of carrying forward the patriotic tradition through the national education of the army, guiding the feelings of the family and the country with the help of historical stories, advocating materialism to propagate the patriotic thought, and selecting the events of other countries to inspire patriotic enthusiasm. Third, teaching idea and teaching method. According to the explanation and requirement of the teaching material and the teaching book, this paper holds that the teaching method of automatism advocated in this paper is of great significance for reference, such as paying attention to inquiry training, stylistic teaching, classroom practice, and so on. Fourth, the modern enlightenment of Lu Simian's New higher Primary School Chinese language textbook. This set of textbooks, written by Mr. Lu Simian himself, conforms to the trend of the times and embodies the spirit of the times. To this day, many of the ideas, teaching methods, and learning methods of the textbooks are still worthy of our reference and study, giving many revelations to future generations. This is mainly manifested in: comprehensive literacy: should attach importance to the cultivation of students' humanistic literacy; textbook compilation: keeping pace with the times to reflect the achievements of modern science and technology; practical ability: the cultivation of students' ability to live should be emphasized; Reading method: silent reading culvert swimming, the emphasis is on enlightening students'thinking and so on.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.2
本文编号：2420828
[Abstract]:The Republic of China is an era of innovation, a gathering of masters, and a golden period of textbook development. Understanding the development of textbooks in the Republic of China can help us better understand the past, grasp the present and look to the future. In this paper, the author takes the Chinese textbook of New Type higher Primary School, which is written by Mr. Lu Simian, as the research object, combing and analyzing the writing principle, the choice standard, the thought presentation, the teaching idea and the method embodied in the book and the related "Professor's Book". It also summarizes and discusses the modern enlightenment and significance of this set of textbooks. The text is divided into the following four parts: first, writing principles and criteria. In terms of the purpose of compiling the textbook, the textbook adheres to "teaching practical words, developing the ability to express ideas, and practicing language;" He abandoned the feudal thought of loyalty, filial piety and filial piety in the former Qing Dynasty and replaced it with the democratic thought of independence, freedom, equality and fraternity. In terms of writing style, each volume does not specify the same number of classes, and the teaching materials are arranged in order of depth and depth. The length of the text, the complexity of the content, the allocation of teaching time. " The style is diverse, the picture and the text are luxuriant. In the selection of materials, including "self-cultivation", "history" and other six parts, emphasizing the relationship and unity between disciplines, rich in the times forward-looking. Second, the content tendency and thought present. In the aspect of content compilation and selection, Chinese textbook is closely combined with the times and has the characteristics of paying attention to independence, improving personality, breaking down superstition, carrying forward healthy way of life, opening up horizons, introducing foreign cultures, and so on. At the same time, the textbook also has the characteristics of carrying forward the patriotic tradition through the national education of the army, guiding the feelings of the family and the country with the help of historical stories, advocating materialism to propagate the patriotic thought, and selecting the events of other countries to inspire patriotic enthusiasm. Third, teaching idea and teaching method. According to the explanation and requirement of the teaching material and the teaching book, this paper holds that the teaching method of automatism advocated in this paper is of great significance for reference, such as paying attention to inquiry training, stylistic teaching, classroom practice, and so on. Fourth, the modern enlightenment of Lu Simian's New higher Primary School Chinese language textbook. This set of textbooks, written by Mr. Lu Simian himself, conforms to the trend of the times and embodies the spirit of the times. To this day, many of the ideas, teaching methods, and learning methods of the textbooks are still worthy of our reference and study, giving many revelations to future generations. This is mainly manifested in: comprehensive literacy: should attach importance to the cultivation of students' humanistic literacy; textbook compilation: keeping pace with the times to reflect the achievements of modern science and technology; practical ability: the cultivation of students' ability to live should be emphasized; Reading method: silent reading culvert swimming, the emphasis is on enlightening students'thinking and so on.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.2
【参考文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 范远波;民国小学语文教材研究[D];华东师范大学;2007年
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 王镓X};民国小学作文教学初探[D];内蒙古师范大学;2014年
2 白茹;《教育杂志》与民国时期的小学语文教育研究[D];内蒙古师范大学;2010年
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