基于数学建模的小学“数学广角”教学设计研究

发布时间：2019-05-12 08:26

【摘要】：“数学广角”是新课程改革以来人教版小学数学教科书的新增内容,其目的是在密切联系实际的实践活动中,向学生渗透数学思想方法,积累活动经验,提升数学素养。然而在实际教学过程中却出现了许多问题,例如,怎样达到这部分知识的目标,体会“数学广角”背后所蕴含的数学思想,老师们在教学这一板块的内容时常常感到困惑。数学建模素养是一个非常重要的数学素养,“数学广角”这部分知识中蕴含着如优化思想、模型思想等数学思想方法,包含了建模的过程。从生活经验中提炼出模型,在对它进行求解后,应用到生活中,充分体现了“数学广角”与数学建模的紧密关系。为达到课标对“数学广角”的要求,本文从数学建模的角度对这部分知识进行教学设计研究。对学生从小渗透数学建模思想,提升“数学广角”教学质量具有重要意义。本文在查阅“数学建模教学”和“数学广角”相关文献的基础上。首先归纳梳理了“数学广角”的现状,找到存在问题的原因并进行归因研究,从理论角度陈述了从建模的角度教学“数学广角”的可行性。在相关的理论支撑下,提出基于本文的教学设计应遵循如下原则:紧密联系教材,提炼教学内容的原则;立足学情进行教学设计的原则;教学设计体现数学思想的原则。通过对课标和教科书的文本分析,分别对数学广角进行建模教学的目标、方法、过程、作业进行设计。设计出“植树问题”的案例并对之进行分析。最后得出结论,将建模思想贯穿在“数学广角”的教学中,确实可实现其教学目标。通过本文的研究,期望更多的专家学者关注“数学广角”,从数学建模的视角对“数学广角”进行更深入的研究,以期抛砖引玉。
[Abstract]:"Mathematics wide angle" is a new content of primary school mathematics textbook since the new curriculum reform. Its purpose is to infiltrate mathematical thought and method into students, accumulate activity experience and improve mathematics literacy in the practical activities which are closely related to practice. However, there are many problems in the actual teaching process, for example, how to achieve the goal of this part of knowledge and understand the mathematical ideas behind the wide angle of mathematics, teachers are often confused when teaching the content of this section. Mathematical modeling literacy is a very important mathematical literacy. "Mathematical wide angle" contains mathematical ideas such as optimization thought, model thought and so on, which includes the process of modeling. The model is extracted from life experience and applied to life after solving it, which fully embodies the close relationship between "mathematical wide angle" and mathematical modeling. In order to meet the requirements of "mathematics wide angle" in the curriculum standard, this paper studies the teaching design of this part of the knowledge from the point of view of mathematical modeling. It is of great significance for students to infiltrate the thought of mathematical modeling and improve the teaching quality of mathematics wide angle. On the basis of consulting the related literature of Mathematical Modeling Teaching and Mathematics wide Angle, this paper is based on the literature of Mathematical Modeling Teaching and Mathematics wide Angle. First of all, this paper summarizes and combs the present situation of "mathematical wide angle", finds out the causes of the existing problems and carries on the attributive research, and expounds the feasibility of teaching "mathematical wide angle" from the angle of modeling from the theoretical point of view. Under the support of relevant theories, this paper puts forward that the teaching design based on this paper should follow the following principles: the principle of closely connecting with teaching materials and refining the teaching content; the principle of teaching design based on learning situation; and the principle that teaching design embodies mathematical thought. Through the text analysis of curriculum standard and textbook, the goal, method, process and homework of mathematics wide-angle modeling teaching are designed respectively. The case of tree planting problem is designed and analyzed. Finally, it is concluded that the teaching goal of "mathematics wide angle" can be achieved by running the idea of modeling through the teaching of "mathematics wide angle". Through the research of this paper, it is expected that more experts and scholars will pay attention to "mathematical wide angle" and conduct more in-depth research on "mathematical wide angle" from the perspective of mathematical modeling, in order to throw bricks and attract jade.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G623.5

【参考文献】